BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM
AFTER TWENTY YEARS
The policeman moved along the street, looking strong and
important. This was the way he always moved. He was not
thinking of how he looked. There were few people on the
street to see him. It was only about ten at night, but it
was cold. And there was a wind with a little rain in it.
When about midway of a certain block the policeman suddenly
slowed his walk. Near the door of a darkened shop a man
was standing. As the policeman walked to him, the man
spoke quickly.
"It's all right, officer," he said, "I'm waiting for
a friend. Twenty years ago we agreed to meet here tonight.
It sounds strange to you, doesn't it? I'll explain if you
want to be sure that everything's right. About twenty years
ago there was a restaurant where this shop stands. Big Joe
Brady's Re¬staurant."
"Twenty years ago tonight," said the man, "I had dinner
here with Jimmy Wells. He was my best friend and the best
fellow in the world. He and I grew up together here in
New York, like two brothers. I was eighteen and Jimmy was
twenty. The next morning I was to start out for the West
to make my fortune. You couldn't have dragged Jimmy out
of New York. He thought it was the only place on earth."
"We agreed that night that we would meet here again in
twenty years. We thought that in twenty years we would
know what kind of men we were, and what future waited
for us." "It sounds interesting," said the policeman.
"A long time between meetings, it seems to me."
"Three minutes before ten," said the man. "It was ten
that night when we said goodbye here at the restaurant
door."
The policeman took a step or two."I'll go on my way,"
he said, "I hope your friend comes all right. If he
isn't here at ten, are you going to leave?"
"I'm not!" said the other. I'll wait half an hour
at least. If Jimmy is alive on earth, he'll be here
by that time. Good night, officer."
"Good night," said the policeman, and walked away.
I. COMPREHENSION
A. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS FULLY AND IN YOUR OWN WORDS:
1. Were there many people in the street? Why, or why not?
2. Why did the policeman suddenly slow his walk?
3. How long hadn't the two friends met?
4. Why was the man waiting for Jimmy Wells?
5. Had there been any changes in the street since
they last met?
6. Do you think Jimmy and the man were very close
friends? Give your reasons.
7. Why did the man decide to leave for the West?
8. Did Jimmy leave for the West, too? Would he have been
happy to do so? Why, or why not?
9. Why had they agreed to meet after such a long time?
10. What time had the two friends agreed to meet?
11. What is the only reason that will stop Jimmy from
coming?
12. What will the man do if Jimmy Wells isn't there
at ten o'clock?
B.THE FOLLOWING WORDS OR PHRASES APPEAR IN THE TEXT. OF THE FOUR EXPLANATIONS
SUGGESTED, ONLY ONE IS CORRECT IN THE CONTEXT. COPY IT DOWN:
1. Strange
a.foreign
b.unknown
c.surprising
d.strong
2. At least
a.at last
b.less than
c.at first
d.perhaps more
3. To grow up
a.to become tall
b.to become adult
c.to live
d.to play
II. GRAMMAR
A. GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS:
Ali (live)…. in London for five year now. I (not see)….
him since I (go)…. to England last year. I (hear)….
from him a few months ago. I (wonder)…. if I (meet)….
him when I (go)…. to England next month. I wish I (can)….
and I (be)…. happy if I (do)…..
B. JOIN THE FOLLOWING PAIRS OF SENTENCES, USING THE WORDS IN BRACKETS AND MAKING ANY
NECESSARY CHANGES:
1. Jimmy didn't follow his friend.
He didn't start out for the West. neither. .. nor
2. Jimmy found a job in the West.
He made a fortune there. not only ... but. .. as well
C. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN:
1. "I. hope your friend will come all right."
The policeman said ...
2. "Do you think Jimmy has made a fortune?"
He asked me... .
3. The man has made a fortune in the West.
A fortune ...
4. He left for the West. He made a fortune.
If he hadn't. ..
5. The man wasn't going to leave, Jimmy wasn't there yet.
Although ...
D. OF THE FOUR EXPLANATIONS SUGGESTED, ONLY ONE IS
CORRECT. COPY IT DOWN:
1. Jimmy didn't come. He must be dead.
He is going to die.
He died some time ago.
I don't think he is dead.
I'm almost certain that he is dead.
2. If he had come, I should have been happy.
He is going to come.
He didn't'come.
He came.
He should come.
3. You should wait for Jimmy.
You must wait for him.
You had to wait for him.
I advise you to wait for him.
You mustn't wait for him.
III. COMPOSITION
You went to a party and there you met an old friend
whom you hadn't seen for a long time. Describe the
party and give some of your conversation.
Here are some ideas to help you
When did you go to the party?
Who was giving it?
Why was he or she giving it?
Who was there?
What did you eat, drink, do?
Did you expect to meet your old friend there?
Were you happy to meet him / her?
What did you talk about?
Did you make any plans for the future?
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM
ANSWERS
I. COMPREHENSION
A. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS FULLY AND IN YOUR OWN WORDS:
1.There were not many people in the street because
it was cold.
2.He slowed his walk because he saw a man standing
in the dark near the door of a shop.
3.They hadn't met for twenty years.
4.He was waiting for him because they had agreed to
meet there twenty years ago.
5.Yes, there used to be a restaurant instead of a
shop in the place where the man was standing.
6.Jimmy and the man were very close friends because
they grew up together and were like brothers.
7.The man decided to leave for the west to make his
fortune.
8.Jimmy didn't leave for the west because he would
have been unhappy there, as he preferred New York to
any other place in the world.
9.They had agreed to meet after such a long time because
they wanted to know what each of them had done in the meantime.
10.They had agreed to meet at ten p.m.
11. Only Jimmy's death will stop him from coming.
12. He will wait for him for half an hour.
B.THE FOLLOWING WORDS OR PHRASES APPEAR IN THE TEXT.
OF THE FOUR EXPLANATIONS SUGGESTED, ONLY ONE IS CORRECT
IN THE CONTEXT. COPY IT DOWN:
1.Strange
c)surprising
2.At least
d)perhaps more
3.To grow up
b)to become adult
II. GRAMMAR
A. GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS:
Ali has been living / has lived in
London for five years now. I have not seen him
since I went to England last year. I heard
from him a few months ago. I wonder if
I will meet him when I go to England
next month. I wish I could and I would be
happy if I did.
B. JOIN THE FOLLOWING PAIRS OF SENTENCES, USING THE WORDS
IN BRACKETS AND MAKING ANY NECESSARY CHANGES:
1. Jimmy neither followed his friend nor started out
for the west.
2. Not only did Jimmy / Jimmy did not only find a job in
the west but made a fortune there as well.
C. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN:
1.The policeman said (that) he hoped my friend would come
all right.
2.He asked me if I thought Jimmy had made a fortune.
3.A fortune has been made in the west (by the man).
4.If he hadn't left for the west he wouldn't have made
a fortune.
5.Although Jimmy wasn't there yet, the man wasn't
going to leave.
D. OF THE FOUR EXPLANATIONS SUGGESTED, ONLY ONE IS CORRECT. COPY IT DOWN:
1.Jimmy didn 't come. He must be dead.
d) I'm almost certain that he is dead.
2.If he had come, I should have been happy.
b)He didn't come.
3.You should wait for Jimmy.
c)I advise you to wait for him.
Sunday 20 December 2009
Wednesday 25 November 2009
BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES SECOND CONDITIONAL EXERCISE 1
BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES SECOND CONDITIONAL EXERCISE 1
GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS
1. If she had a better sleeping bag, she (not feel).......
........... so cold.
2. If the tent (be).............. any smaller, one of us
would have to sleep outside.
3. I (look)........................ out for snacks if I
were you.
4. If I (not be).................. so hungry I would share
my sandwich with you.
5. If he were a young man, he (be able).....................
to walk faster.
6. You (be).................... smarter if you graduated
from university.
7. He (not be).................. so serious if you went to
parties more often.
8. He wouldn't be so self-confident if he (know).............
..... the truth.
9. If I (come)..................... into a fortune, I would
give up working.
10. If I knew how it worked I (tell)..................
you what to do.
11. If we (catch)................. the 10 o'clock train,
we would get there on time.
12. What............. (you, do).................... if you
found $ 100 000 in a bag in the street?
13. What would you do if you (hear)................. that
someone you worked with had an alcohol problem?
14. What would you do if you (hit)................ a parked
car in a car park?
15. If Jack were here he (catch)..................... some
fish for supper.
16. I wouldn't be so keen on employing him if I (not think)
.............. he was the best person for the job.
17. I (not like)........... it very much if they gave the
job to Mark.
18. I wouldn't get so angry with you if you (get)..........
.......... more work done.
19. You would speak English better if you (work)..........
........... more in English.
20. You'd get more work done if you (plan).................
... your day better.
21. It would be nice if the rain (stop)....................
22. I would sing you a song if I (have)...................
... my guitar.
23. We (be)........................ on the beach if we
were in Sidney.
24. If smoking were allowed I................ a cigarette.
GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS
1. If she had a better sleeping bag, she (not feel).......
........... so cold.
2. If the tent (be).............. any smaller, one of us
would have to sleep outside.
3. I (look)........................ out for snacks if I
were you.
4. If I (not be).................. so hungry I would share
my sandwich with you.
5. If he were a young man, he (be able).....................
to walk faster.
6. You (be).................... smarter if you graduated
from university.
7. He (not be).................. so serious if you went to
parties more often.
8. He wouldn't be so self-confident if he (know).............
..... the truth.
9. If I (come)..................... into a fortune, I would
give up working.
10. If I knew how it worked I (tell)..................
you what to do.
11. If we (catch)................. the 10 o'clock train,
we would get there on time.
12. What............. (you, do).................... if you
found $ 100 000 in a bag in the street?
13. What would you do if you (hear)................. that
someone you worked with had an alcohol problem?
14. What would you do if you (hit)................ a parked
car in a car park?
15. If Jack were here he (catch)..................... some
fish for supper.
16. I wouldn't be so keen on employing him if I (not think)
.............. he was the best person for the job.
17. I (not like)........... it very much if they gave the
job to Mark.
18. I wouldn't get so angry with you if you (get)..........
.......... more work done.
19. You would speak English better if you (work)..........
........... more in English.
20. You'd get more work done if you (plan).................
... your day better.
21. It would be nice if the rain (stop)....................
22. I would sing you a song if I (have)...................
... my guitar.
23. We (be)........................ on the beach if we
were in Sidney.
24. If smoking were allowed I................ a cigarette.
BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES SECOND CONDITIONAL EXERCISE 1 ANSWERS
BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES SECOND CONDITIONAL EXERCISE 1
ANSWERS
GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS
1. wouldn't feel
2. were/was
3. would look
4. weren't/wasn't
5. would be able
6. would be
7. wouldn't be
8. knew
9. came
10. would tell
11. caught
12. would you do
13. heard
14. hit
15. would catch
16. didn't think
17. wouldn't like
18. got
19. worked
20. planned
21. stopped
22. had
23. would be
24. would have
ANSWERS
GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS
1. wouldn't feel
2. were/was
3. would look
4. weren't/wasn't
5. would be able
6. would be
7. wouldn't be
8. knew
9. came
10. would tell
11. caught
12. would you do
13. heard
14. hit
15. would catch
16. didn't think
17. wouldn't like
18. got
19. worked
20. planned
21. stopped
22. had
23. would be
24. would have
BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES FIRST CONDITIONAL EXERCISE 1
BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES FIRST CONDITIONAL
EXERCISE 1
GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS
1. If you take my advice, you (not have).................
problems any more.
2. If you sell more than you did last year you (be)
.................. soon on your way.
3. If she (find)...................... a good job, she
will pay all her bills.
4. If the plan (succeed)................ you will make
a profit.
5. If he (not get)............. a big order he will go
bankrupt.
6. If I see you standing talking again, you (not get)
.................arise.
7. If you (not do)................. anything really bad,
your job here will be quite safe.
8. If share prices (drop)................. , we will lose
our money.
9. If he (come)............... before ten, we will meet
him at the station.
10. So if I don't hear from you, I (assume)...............
everything is fine.
11. I'll only call you if I think there (be).............
...... a problem.
12. If we (not protect)................... the elephant,
it will become extinct.
13. If he (not accept)............. our offer, we will
have to withdraw.
14. If you (give)....................... me a 10% discount,
I'll buy two.
15. She (look)..................... completely different
if she cuts her hair.
16. I (be)................. very pleased if you make it.
17. You (have).......... to work very hard if you want to
pass your English exam.
18. You will be tired tomorrow if you (not to go).........
...... to bed soon.
19. I (bring).................. my laptop if we have to
look at the documents.
20. If I read this manual, I (not make).................
any mistakes.
21. If sales (not improve).................... soon, we
will have to lay off some workers.
22. If the report (not be)................. on my desk
tomorrow morning, you will be in big trouble.
23. If you (eat).............. an apple every day, you'll
be very healthy.
24. I will see him at the cinema if he (have).............
........ the time.
EXERCISE 1
GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS
1. If you take my advice, you (not have).................
problems any more.
2. If you sell more than you did last year you (be)
.................. soon on your way.
3. If she (find)...................... a good job, she
will pay all her bills.
4. If the plan (succeed)................ you will make
a profit.
5. If he (not get)............. a big order he will go
bankrupt.
6. If I see you standing talking again, you (not get)
.................arise.
7. If you (not do)................. anything really bad,
your job here will be quite safe.
8. If share prices (drop)................. , we will lose
our money.
9. If he (come)............... before ten, we will meet
him at the station.
10. So if I don't hear from you, I (assume)...............
everything is fine.
11. I'll only call you if I think there (be).............
...... a problem.
12. If we (not protect)................... the elephant,
it will become extinct.
13. If he (not accept)............. our offer, we will
have to withdraw.
14. If you (give)....................... me a 10% discount,
I'll buy two.
15. She (look)..................... completely different
if she cuts her hair.
16. I (be)................. very pleased if you make it.
17. You (have).......... to work very hard if you want to
pass your English exam.
18. You will be tired tomorrow if you (not to go).........
...... to bed soon.
19. I (bring).................. my laptop if we have to
look at the documents.
20. If I read this manual, I (not make).................
any mistakes.
21. If sales (not improve).................... soon, we
will have to lay off some workers.
22. If the report (not be)................. on my desk
tomorrow morning, you will be in big trouble.
23. If you (eat).............. an apple every day, you'll
be very healthy.
24. I will see him at the cinema if he (have).............
........ the time.
BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES FIRST CONDITIONAL EXERCISE 1 ANSWERS
BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES FIRST CONDITIONAL EXERCISE 1
ANSWERS
GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS
1. won't have
2. will be
3. finds
4. succeeds
5. doesn't get
6. won't get
7. don'tdo
8. drop
9. comes
10. will assume
11. is
12. don't protect
13. doesn't accept
14. give
15. will look
16. will be
17. will have
18. don't go
19. will bring
20. won't make
21. don't improve
22. isn't
23. eat
24. has
ANSWERS
GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS
1. won't have
2. will be
3. finds
4. succeeds
5. doesn't get
6. won't get
7. don'tdo
8. drop
9. comes
10. will assume
11. is
12. don't protect
13. doesn't accept
14. give
15. will look
16. will be
17. will have
18. don't go
19. will bring
20. won't make
21. don't improve
22. isn't
23. eat
24. has
BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES REPORTED SPEECH STATEMENTS 1
BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES REPORTED SPEECH STATEMENTS 1
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH
1. "They're playing a lot of music that I don't like."
The girl said.............................................
2. "We've been waiting for Julie for two hours and she
hasn't come."
They complained that..................................
3- "I'm fascinated and I have never seen such a well-preserved
Roman ruin."
Harold remarked that ....................... .
4- "Their defence won't be strong enough for them to win
tomorrow."
My brother has only just pointed out that ............ .
5. "One month ago I warned you to study for that test."
Our teacher reminded us...............................
6. "If you give me some money, I'll help you."
The man said to Bob that..........................
7- "I'll mend your bicycle the moment I have some
free time."
My father promised two weeks ago that ............. .
8- "I can run ten miles easily."
Willy boasted that .................................. .
9. "I can't believe he's leaving me like this."
Sandra cried that........................
10. "If you don't take any exercises, you won't be healthy."
The doctor warned me..........................
11- "The incident hasn't been reported properly by the
newspapers."
The Minister claimed that ....................... .
12- "I left Spain two years ago."
The young lady answered that .......................
13. "I need to be at work early this morning that's why
I'm in a hurry."
Jack explained.........................
14- "Mum may not have roasted the chicken long enough."
My brother whispered that ......................
15- "I don't think they'll serve us a decent breakfast
at this hotel tomorrow morning."
Mum grumbled that ............................ .
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH
1. "They're playing a lot of music that I don't like."
The girl said.............................................
2. "We've been waiting for Julie for two hours and she
hasn't come."
They complained that..................................
3- "I'm fascinated and I have never seen such a well-preserved
Roman ruin."
Harold remarked that ....................... .
4- "Their defence won't be strong enough for them to win
tomorrow."
My brother has only just pointed out that ............ .
5. "One month ago I warned you to study for that test."
Our teacher reminded us...............................
6. "If you give me some money, I'll help you."
The man said to Bob that..........................
7- "I'll mend your bicycle the moment I have some
free time."
My father promised two weeks ago that ............. .
8- "I can run ten miles easily."
Willy boasted that .................................. .
9. "I can't believe he's leaving me like this."
Sandra cried that........................
10. "If you don't take any exercises, you won't be healthy."
The doctor warned me..........................
11- "The incident hasn't been reported properly by the
newspapers."
The Minister claimed that ....................... .
12- "I left Spain two years ago."
The young lady answered that .......................
13. "I need to be at work early this morning that's why
I'm in a hurry."
Jack explained.........................
14- "Mum may not have roasted the chicken long enough."
My brother whispered that ......................
15- "I don't think they'll serve us a decent breakfast
at this hotel tomorrow morning."
Mum grumbled that ............................ .
BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES REPORTED SPEECH STATEMENTS 1 ANSWERS
BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES REPORTED SPEECH
STATEMENTS 1 ANSWERS
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH
1. ... they were playing........ she didn't like
2. ... they had been waiting for....... and she hadn't
come
3...he was fascinated and he had never seen such a
well-preserved Roman ruin
4...their defence wouldn't be strong enough for them to
win the following day
5. ...that one month before she had warned us to study
6. ...if she gave him the money, he would help her
7...he would mend my bicycle the moment he had some free
time
8...he could run ten miles easily
9. ... she couldn't believe he was leaving her like that
10....... if I didn't take any exercises, I wouldn't be
healthy
11...the incident hadn't been reported properly by the
newspapers
12...she had left Turkey two years before
13...... he needed to be at work early that morning
that's why he was in a hurry
14...Mum might not have roasted the chicken long enough
15...she didn't think they would serve us a decent breakfast
at this hotel tomorrow morning
STATEMENTS 1 ANSWERS
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH
1. ... they were playing........ she didn't like
2. ... they had been waiting for....... and she hadn't
come
3...he was fascinated and he had never seen such a
well-preserved Roman ruin
4...their defence wouldn't be strong enough for them to
win the following day
5. ...that one month before she had warned us to study
6. ...if she gave him the money, he would help her
7...he would mend my bicycle the moment he had some free
time
8...he could run ten miles easily
9. ... she couldn't believe he was leaving her like that
10....... if I didn't take any exercises, I wouldn't be
healthy
11...the incident hadn't been reported properly by the
newspapers
12...she had left Turkey two years before
13...... he needed to be at work early that morning
that's why he was in a hurry
14...Mum might not have roasted the chicken long enough
15...she didn't think they would serve us a decent breakfast
at this hotel tomorrow morning
Sunday 15 November 2009
Moroccan Aïcha Ech Channa receives $1 million Prize
Moroccan Aïcha Ech Channa receives $1 million Prize
Aïcha Ech Channa, founder and president of a Casablanca,
Morocco, organization that provides services to unmarried
women with children, is the winner of the $1 million 2009
Opus Prize.
Ech Channa, 68, is something of an icon in Morocco when it
comes to human and civil rights for single mothers and their
children. During the 1980s she worked in the Moroccan Ministry
of Social Affairs where she was confronted daily by the ordeals
of single mothers.
She recalled an afternoon in a social worker’s office where
a single mother was giving up her baby for adoption. “This mom
was breastfeeding her baby, which means she never wanted to
abandon it. And at the moment when she forcibly took away her
breast from the baby’s mouth, the milk sprayed all over the
baby’s face and the baby cried. This cry was in my head. And
that night I did not sleep. I swore to do something.”
In 1985, Ech Channa founded the Association Solidarité Féminine
in Casablanca to provide services for single women and their
children. She started in a basement and now operates
three day-care centers and training schools, two restaurants,
four kiosks and a hammam (turkish batb,fitness center and spa).
More than 50 women receive training every year in literacy,
human rights, cooking, baking, sewing, fitness services and
accounting. Participants also receive daily child care and
medical treatments in addition to social, psychological and
legal support and counseling for better reintegration in their
society.
Ech Channa, a Muslim, says she gains inspiration from a sense
of justice rooted in the value systems of all religions.
“I want Solidarité Féminine to be a model that provides an
example for the respect of human rights, economic development
and confidence in humanism,” she says. “This is a model that
can be carried everywhere in the world.”
Her organization was officially recognized in 2002 by the
government as a charitable organization and has received
support from Moroccan King Mohammed VI.
Aïcha Ech Channa, founder and president of a Casablanca,
Morocco, organization that provides services to unmarried
women with children, is the winner of the $1 million 2009
Opus Prize.
Ech Channa, 68, is something of an icon in Morocco when it
comes to human and civil rights for single mothers and their
children. During the 1980s she worked in the Moroccan Ministry
of Social Affairs where she was confronted daily by the ordeals
of single mothers.
She recalled an afternoon in a social worker’s office where
a single mother was giving up her baby for adoption. “This mom
was breastfeeding her baby, which means she never wanted to
abandon it. And at the moment when she forcibly took away her
breast from the baby’s mouth, the milk sprayed all over the
baby’s face and the baby cried. This cry was in my head. And
that night I did not sleep. I swore to do something.”
In 1985, Ech Channa founded the Association Solidarité Féminine
in Casablanca to provide services for single women and their
children. She started in a basement and now operates
three day-care centers and training schools, two restaurants,
four kiosks and a hammam (turkish batb,fitness center and spa).
More than 50 women receive training every year in literacy,
human rights, cooking, baking, sewing, fitness services and
accounting. Participants also receive daily child care and
medical treatments in addition to social, psychological and
legal support and counseling for better reintegration in their
society.
Ech Channa, a Muslim, says she gains inspiration from a sense
of justice rooted in the value systems of all religions.
“I want Solidarité Féminine to be a model that provides an
example for the respect of human rights, economic development
and confidence in humanism,” she says. “This is a model that
can be carried everywhere in the world.”
Her organization was officially recognized in 2002 by the
government as a charitable organization and has received
support from Moroccan King Mohammed VI.
Saturday 14 November 2009
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 6
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 6
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRECT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
01- It was cold and wet. _____, Jane put on her swimming suit
and went to the beach.
A) Although
B) Despite
C) Nevertheless
D) Therefore
02- _____ the extremely bad weather in the mountains, we're
no longer considering our trip.
A) Because
B) Due to
C) Since
D) Although
03- It is almost impossible to learn to speak a language
really well …………you live among people who speak it as their
mother tongue.
A) while
B) unless
C) in order to
D) as well as
04- ____ Jason became famous, he has ignored his old friends.
He shouldn't do that.
A) If
B) Ever since
C) Even though
D) Whereas
05- _____ the stress of examinations and interviews is over,
we can all relax for a while.
A) Now that
B) Lest
C) Although
D) Despite
06- Leave the heating on _____ the house gets cold while we're out.
A) so as to
B) so that
C) in case
D) such as
07- Your application form was incomplete; _____, you were not
interviewed.
A) still
B) yet
C) therefore
D) however
08- There is a widespread belief that a lot of wars must
be fought …………assure world peace.
A) in order to
B) therefore
C) due to
D) furthermore
09- It is always a good idea to dress well for a job
interview; …………,you may not be taken seriously.
A) however
B) moreover
C) otherwise
D) therefore
10- You should have no problem on your exam …………you keep
calm and don't panic.
A) in case
B) so long as
C) otherwise
D) as soon as
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 6
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRECT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
01- It was cold and wet. _____, Jane put on her swimming suit
and went to the beach.
A) Although
B) Despite
C) Nevertheless
D) Therefore
02- _____ the extremely bad weather in the mountains, we're
no longer considering our trip.
A) Because
B) Due to
C) Since
D) Although
03- It is almost impossible to learn to speak a language
really well …………you live among people who speak it as their
mother tongue.
A) while
B) unless
C) in order to
D) as well as
04- ____ Jason became famous, he has ignored his old friends.
He shouldn't do that.
A) If
B) Ever since
C) Even though
D) Whereas
05- _____ the stress of examinations and interviews is over,
we can all relax for a while.
A) Now that
B) Lest
C) Although
D) Despite
06- Leave the heating on _____ the house gets cold while we're out.
A) so as to
B) so that
C) in case
D) such as
07- Your application form was incomplete; _____, you were not
interviewed.
A) still
B) yet
C) therefore
D) however
08- There is a widespread belief that a lot of wars must
be fought …………assure world peace.
A) in order to
B) therefore
C) due to
D) furthermore
09- It is always a good idea to dress well for a job
interview; …………,you may not be taken seriously.
A) however
B) moreover
C) otherwise
D) therefore
10- You should have no problem on your exam …………you keep
calm and don't panic.
A) in case
B) so long as
C) otherwise
D) as soon as
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 6
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 6
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
ANSWERS:
1= C) Nevertheless
2= B) Due to
3= B) unless
4= B) Ever since
5= A) Now that
6= C) in case
7= C) therefore
8= A) in order to
9= C) otherwise
10= B) so long as
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 6
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
ANSWERS:
1= C) Nevertheless
2= B) Due to
3= B) unless
4= B) Ever since
5= A) Now that
6= C) in case
7= C) therefore
8= A) in order to
9= C) otherwise
10= B) so long as
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 4
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 4
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
01- In many parts of Morocco, it is always a good idea to
have a big water storage tank …………the water is cut off without notice.
A) while
B) despite
C) whichever
D) in case
02- …………people start using their cars less, there will never
be an end to traffic jams.
A) Unless
B) Since
C) However
D) Even
03- We are so late that …………how fast we drive, we will not
get there on time.
A} even though
B) not only
C) no matter
D} whether
04- I'm happy to go to …………restaurant you want because I know
they are both good.
A) wherever
B} however
C} whichever
D) whatever
05- …………all his wealth, he had never been happy, and his
suicide last week after the break-up of his third marriage
did not surprise anyone.
A) Because
B) In case
C) Whereas
D) In spite of
06- …………had they got off the plane …………their problems began.
A) Hardly /when
B) Both/and
C) Whether/or
D) The sooner/the more
07- Many countries are facing a shortage of teachers; …………
the rapid growth in population will only make this problem
worse in coming decades.
A) since
B) instead
C) nonetheless
D) moreover
08- We were cold and hungry …………the beauty of our surroundings
made us forget our discomfort.
A) nor
B) or
C) so
D) yet
09- …………we arrived at the airport two and a half hours early,
there was already a long queue at the check-in counter.
A) Although
B} Since
C) Despite
D) No sooner
10- Nowadays too many people work too hard in offices and get
too little exercise; …………they tend to eat unhealthy convenience
food because they do not have time to shop or cook.
A) furthermore
B) the opposite
C) otherwise
D) on the contrary
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 4
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
01- In many parts of Morocco, it is always a good idea to
have a big water storage tank …………the water is cut off without notice.
A) while
B) despite
C) whichever
D) in case
02- …………people start using their cars less, there will never
be an end to traffic jams.
A) Unless
B) Since
C) However
D) Even
03- We are so late that …………how fast we drive, we will not
get there on time.
A} even though
B) not only
C) no matter
D} whether
04- I'm happy to go to …………restaurant you want because I know
they are both good.
A) wherever
B} however
C} whichever
D) whatever
05- …………all his wealth, he had never been happy, and his
suicide last week after the break-up of his third marriage
did not surprise anyone.
A) Because
B) In case
C) Whereas
D) In spite of
06- …………had they got off the plane …………their problems began.
A) Hardly /when
B) Both/and
C) Whether/or
D) The sooner/the more
07- Many countries are facing a shortage of teachers; …………
the rapid growth in population will only make this problem
worse in coming decades.
A) since
B) instead
C) nonetheless
D) moreover
08- We were cold and hungry …………the beauty of our surroundings
made us forget our discomfort.
A) nor
B) or
C) so
D) yet
09- …………we arrived at the airport two and a half hours early,
there was already a long queue at the check-in counter.
A) Although
B} Since
C) Despite
D) No sooner
10- Nowadays too many people work too hard in offices and get
too little exercise; …………they tend to eat unhealthy convenience
food because they do not have time to shop or cook.
A) furthermore
B) the opposite
C) otherwise
D) on the contrary
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 4
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 4
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
ANSWERS:
1= D) in case
2= A) Unless
3= C) no matter
4= C} whichever
5= D) In spite of
6= A) Hardly /when
7= D) moreover
8= D) yet
9= A) Although
10= A) furthermore
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 4
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
ANSWERS:
1= D) in case
2= A) Unless
3= C) no matter
4= C} whichever
5= D) In spite of
6= A) Hardly /when
7= D) moreover
8= D) yet
9= A) Although
10= A) furthermore
EXPRESS READING ERRADICATE POVERTY
EXPRESS READING
ERRADICATE POVERTY
Eliminating poverty is largely a matter of helping children
born into poverty to rise out of it. Once families escape
from poverty they do not fall back into it. Middle-class
children rarely end up poor. The primary reason poor children
do not escape from poverty is that they do not acquire basic
mental skills. They cannot read, write, calculate or articulate.
Lacking these skills, they cannot get or keep a well-paid job.
The best mechanism for breaking this vicious circle is to
provide the poor with better educational opportunities.
Since children born into poor homes do not acquire the
skills they need from their parents, they must be taught
these skills in school.
ERRADICATE POVERTY
Eliminating poverty is largely a matter of helping children
born into poverty to rise out of it. Once families escape
from poverty they do not fall back into it. Middle-class
children rarely end up poor. The primary reason poor children
do not escape from poverty is that they do not acquire basic
mental skills. They cannot read, write, calculate or articulate.
Lacking these skills, they cannot get or keep a well-paid job.
The best mechanism for breaking this vicious circle is to
provide the poor with better educational opportunities.
Since children born into poor homes do not acquire the
skills they need from their parents, they must be taught
these skills in school.
EXPRESS READING WOMEN’S STATUS
EXPRESS READING
WOMEN’S STATUS
In the early 1970s, there was a great deal of optimism about
improving women’s position, ending male privilege and doing
away with gender divisions and even gender difference. Equal
opportunities legislation was enacted in many countries, and
the voice of the women’s movement was heard criticising
discrimination between the sexes in every sphere of working
life. Now it is clear that legislation can make only a marginal
difference to entrenched patterns of job segregation and inequality.
The voices of feminism, too, are varied; some demand equality
with men while others pursue the revaluation of women’s skills
and ‘womanly’ virtues.
WOMEN’S STATUS
In the early 1970s, there was a great deal of optimism about
improving women’s position, ending male privilege and doing
away with gender divisions and even gender difference. Equal
opportunities legislation was enacted in many countries, and
the voice of the women’s movement was heard criticising
discrimination between the sexes in every sphere of working
life. Now it is clear that legislation can make only a marginal
difference to entrenched patterns of job segregation and inequality.
The voices of feminism, too, are varied; some demand equality
with men while others pursue the revaluation of women’s skills
and ‘womanly’ virtues.
EXPRESS READING ARE BOOKS DYING?
EXPRESS READING
ARE BOOKS DYING?
In theory, the multimedia age should be killing off bookshops.
Who still has time to read books, what with surfing the Internet,
viewing scores of new digital television channels, and putting
in ever-longer hours at work? And presumably those few people
who do still read books will be buying them on the Internet.
After all, Amazon, a bookseller, is the most cited example of
a successful online retailer. So much for the theory. What
about the practice? This week the largest bookshop in Britain
opened up in the old Simpson's of Piccadilly in London. With
265,000 titles and 1.5 million books, the new branch of Waterstone's
stretches over seven floors. A department store, which once
sold everything from sushi to plus-fours, is now devoted entirely
to one product - books. The new Waterstone's is almost next
door to Hatchards, a mere five-storey bookshop, with a
well-established clientele, and two smaller bookshops. It is
also less than a mile from Borders, another huge bookstore in Oxford Street.
ARE BOOKS DYING?
In theory, the multimedia age should be killing off bookshops.
Who still has time to read books, what with surfing the Internet,
viewing scores of new digital television channels, and putting
in ever-longer hours at work? And presumably those few people
who do still read books will be buying them on the Internet.
After all, Amazon, a bookseller, is the most cited example of
a successful online retailer. So much for the theory. What
about the practice? This week the largest bookshop in Britain
opened up in the old Simpson's of Piccadilly in London. With
265,000 titles and 1.5 million books, the new branch of Waterstone's
stretches over seven floors. A department store, which once
sold everything from sushi to plus-fours, is now devoted entirely
to one product - books. The new Waterstone's is almost next
door to Hatchards, a mere five-storey bookshop, with a
well-established clientele, and two smaller bookshops. It is
also less than a mile from Borders, another huge bookstore in Oxford Street.
Friday 13 November 2009
EXPRESS READING ADS AND THE CONSUMER SOCIETY
EXPRESS READING
ADS AND THE CONSUMER SOCIETY
Does advertising encourage waste by persuading consumers
to buy goods that they do not need? In reply to this, it
has been pointed out that all the consumer really needs,
is a bare minimum of clothing, food and shelter, and that
one of the distinguishing marks of any civilized community
is that it lives well above the minimum subsistence level.
Most advertising is designed to influence the consumer's
spending power. In western countries, advertising has
played a great part in bringing laboursaving equipment,
and so a degree of leisure, and even luxury, to millions.
Advertising that encourages the public to want more is
also claimed to act as an incentive making people want to
earn more in order to buy the goods advertised, and
therefore making them work harder. For this reason
advertising has been defended as having an essential part
to play in the move towards higher standards of living.
The defenders of advertising also point out that it is
not solely concerned with encouraging the public to spend.
Banks, insurance companies and building societies are
amongst the commercial advertisers who encourage saving.
ADS AND THE CONSUMER SOCIETY
Does advertising encourage waste by persuading consumers
to buy goods that they do not need? In reply to this, it
has been pointed out that all the consumer really needs,
is a bare minimum of clothing, food and shelter, and that
one of the distinguishing marks of any civilized community
is that it lives well above the minimum subsistence level.
Most advertising is designed to influence the consumer's
spending power. In western countries, advertising has
played a great part in bringing laboursaving equipment,
and so a degree of leisure, and even luxury, to millions.
Advertising that encourages the public to want more is
also claimed to act as an incentive making people want to
earn more in order to buy the goods advertised, and
therefore making them work harder. For this reason
advertising has been defended as having an essential part
to play in the move towards higher standards of living.
The defenders of advertising also point out that it is
not solely concerned with encouraging the public to spend.
Banks, insurance companies and building societies are
amongst the commercial advertisers who encourage saving.
EXPRESS READING AMERICANS AND FAST FOOD
EXPRESS READING
AMERICANS AND FAST FOOD
Fast-food is such a omnipresent part of American life that
it has become synonymous with American culture. Fast-food
was born in America and it has now swollen into a $106-billion
industry. America exports fast-food worldwide and its attendant
corporate culture, has probably been more influential and done
more to destroy local food economies and cultural diversity
than any government propaganda programme could hope to accomplish.
No corner of the earth is safe from its presence and no aspect
of life is unaffected. Fast-food is now found in shopping malls,
airports, hospitals, gas stations, stadiums, on trains, and
increasingly, in schools. There are 23,000 restaurants in one
chain alone, and another 2,000 are being opened every year.
Its effect has been the same on the millions of people it feeds
daily and on the people it employs. Fast-food culture has
changed how we work, from its assembly-line kitchens filled
with robotic frying machines to the trite phrases spoken to
customers by its poorly paid part-time workforce. In the
United States, more than 57 per cent of the population eat
meals away from home on any given day and they spend more
money on fast-food than they do on higher education, personal
computers, or even on new cars.
AMERICANS AND FAST FOOD
Fast-food is such a omnipresent part of American life that
it has become synonymous with American culture. Fast-food
was born in America and it has now swollen into a $106-billion
industry. America exports fast-food worldwide and its attendant
corporate culture, has probably been more influential and done
more to destroy local food economies and cultural diversity
than any government propaganda programme could hope to accomplish.
No corner of the earth is safe from its presence and no aspect
of life is unaffected. Fast-food is now found in shopping malls,
airports, hospitals, gas stations, stadiums, on trains, and
increasingly, in schools. There are 23,000 restaurants in one
chain alone, and another 2,000 are being opened every year.
Its effect has been the same on the millions of people it feeds
daily and on the people it employs. Fast-food culture has
changed how we work, from its assembly-line kitchens filled
with robotic frying machines to the trite phrases spoken to
customers by its poorly paid part-time workforce. In the
United States, more than 57 per cent of the population eat
meals away from home on any given day and they spend more
money on fast-food than they do on higher education, personal
computers, or even on new cars.
EXPRESS READING GENDER GAP
EXPRESS READING
GENDER GAP
Although women have made huge strides in catching up with
men in the workplace, a gender gap still persists both in
wages and levels of advancement. Commonly cited explanations
for this gap range from charges of sex discrimination to claims
that women are more sensitive than men to work versus family
conflicts and thus less inclined to make sacrifices for their
careers. Now, however, two new studies suggest that another
factor may be at work: a deeply ingrained difference in the
way men and women react to competition that manifests itself
even at an early age. Apparently, females tend to be far less
responsive to competition than males - a tendency with important
implications for women and business. It may hurt women in highly
competitive labour markets, for example, and hinder efficient
job placement - especially for positions in which competitiveness
is not a useful trait.
GENDER GAP
Although women have made huge strides in catching up with
men in the workplace, a gender gap still persists both in
wages and levels of advancement. Commonly cited explanations
for this gap range from charges of sex discrimination to claims
that women are more sensitive than men to work versus family
conflicts and thus less inclined to make sacrifices for their
careers. Now, however, two new studies suggest that another
factor may be at work: a deeply ingrained difference in the
way men and women react to competition that manifests itself
even at an early age. Apparently, females tend to be far less
responsive to competition than males - a tendency with important
implications for women and business. It may hurt women in highly
competitive labour markets, for example, and hinder efficient
job placement - especially for positions in which competitiveness
is not a useful trait.
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 3
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 3
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
01- I don't want to go anywhere today; it rained all night
and, …………,it is supposed to continue raining all day.
A) therefore
B) otherwise
C) furthermore
D) despite
02- …………how hard I try, I just cannot understand why the
conflict persists in the Middle East.
A) Unless
B) However
C) Though
D) No matter
03- He worked late on Friday …………finish everything so that he
could enjoy the weekend with a clear conscience.
A) because
B) for
C) in order to
D) due to
04- We had better take plenty of money…………we can't find a cheap
hotel.
A) in case
B) so that
C) in order that
D) so as to
05- I had …………got home …………people began ringing to ask what
was going on.
A) the sooner/that
B) neither/nor
C) not only/but also
D) hardly/when
06- …………hard he tried, he simply could not forget the girl
he had met during the summer.
A) However
B} Even though
C) Provided
D) Despite
07- …………you are interested in shopping or history, Marrakech
is an ideal place to visit.
A) Whether
B) So that
C) Therefore
D) Besides
08- …………we want to spend all night here, we had better hurry up
and finish this work.
A) Because
B) Unless
C) Furthermore
D) Whenever
09- When I asked her if she would marry me, she looked …………she
was going to faint.
A) even though
B) as if
C) in case
D} owing to
10- …………they reach university, a lot of young people are
already fed up with studying and want to do something else with
their lives.
A) Since
B) In case
C) By the time
D} Besides
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 3
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
01- I don't want to go anywhere today; it rained all night
and, …………,it is supposed to continue raining all day.
A) therefore
B) otherwise
C) furthermore
D) despite
02- …………how hard I try, I just cannot understand why the
conflict persists in the Middle East.
A) Unless
B) However
C) Though
D) No matter
03- He worked late on Friday …………finish everything so that he
could enjoy the weekend with a clear conscience.
A) because
B) for
C) in order to
D) due to
04- We had better take plenty of money…………we can't find a cheap
hotel.
A) in case
B) so that
C) in order that
D) so as to
05- I had …………got home …………people began ringing to ask what
was going on.
A) the sooner/that
B) neither/nor
C) not only/but also
D) hardly/when
06- …………hard he tried, he simply could not forget the girl
he had met during the summer.
A) However
B} Even though
C) Provided
D) Despite
07- …………you are interested in shopping or history, Marrakech
is an ideal place to visit.
A) Whether
B) So that
C) Therefore
D) Besides
08- …………we want to spend all night here, we had better hurry up
and finish this work.
A) Because
B) Unless
C) Furthermore
D) Whenever
09- When I asked her if she would marry me, she looked …………she
was going to faint.
A) even though
B) as if
C) in case
D} owing to
10- …………they reach university, a lot of young people are
already fed up with studying and want to do something else with
their lives.
A) Since
B) In case
C) By the time
D} Besides
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 3
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 3
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
ANSWERS:
1= C) furthermore
2= D) No matter
3= C) in order to
4= A) in case
5= D) hardly/when
6= A) However
7= A) Whether
8= B) Unless
9= B) as if
10= C) By the time
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 3
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
ANSWERS:
1= C) furthermore
2= D) No matter
3= C) in order to
4= A) in case
5= D) hardly/when
6= A) However
7= A) Whether
8= B) Unless
9= B) as if
10= C) By the time
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 2
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 2
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
01- …………had her elderly husband died and left her all his
money …………she married a handsome young man.
A) Both/and
B) Not only/that
C) No sooner/than
D) Whether/or
02- I don't care …………you stay………… go, but if you decide to go,
please close the door behind you.
A) not only/but also
B) the more/than
C) neither/nor
D) whether/or
03- …………where you stay, you are sure to enjoy your visit to
Morocco.
A) No matter
B) However
C) Since
D} Even though
04- He was determined to succeed as a writer, …………the odds
against him.
A) however
B) whatever
C) even though
D) whereas
05- …………the high rate of crime, the police have been granted
extraordinary powers to stop and search people.
A) Until
B) If
C) Unless
D) Due to
06- Using the Internet, I now find it easy to keep in touch with
friends………… they are in the world.
A) wherever
B) whoever
C) whatever
D) whichever
07- So that they do not look for work elsewhere, nurses and
teachers should be well-paid …………having to work for the low
salaries that they earn.
A) Besides
B) Rather than
C} As though
D) Otherwise
08- …………I walked into the room, I could tell that something
was wrong.
A) During
B) By the time
C) The moment
D) As long as
09- He came to the interview wearing jeans and a t-shirt; …………he
was given the job.
A) instead
B) nevertheless
C) otherwise
D) on the contrary
10- …………you get your roof repaired, it could leak badly during
the winter rains.
A) Unless
B) As though
C) Owing to
D) In order that
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 2
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
01- …………had her elderly husband died and left her all his
money …………she married a handsome young man.
A) Both/and
B) Not only/that
C) No sooner/than
D) Whether/or
02- I don't care …………you stay………… go, but if you decide to go,
please close the door behind you.
A) not only/but also
B) the more/than
C) neither/nor
D) whether/or
03- …………where you stay, you are sure to enjoy your visit to
Morocco.
A) No matter
B) However
C) Since
D} Even though
04- He was determined to succeed as a writer, …………the odds
against him.
A) however
B) whatever
C) even though
D) whereas
05- …………the high rate of crime, the police have been granted
extraordinary powers to stop and search people.
A) Until
B) If
C) Unless
D) Due to
06- Using the Internet, I now find it easy to keep in touch with
friends………… they are in the world.
A) wherever
B) whoever
C) whatever
D) whichever
07- So that they do not look for work elsewhere, nurses and
teachers should be well-paid …………having to work for the low
salaries that they earn.
A) Besides
B) Rather than
C} As though
D) Otherwise
08- …………I walked into the room, I could tell that something
was wrong.
A) During
B) By the time
C) The moment
D) As long as
09- He came to the interview wearing jeans and a t-shirt; …………he
was given the job.
A) instead
B) nevertheless
C) otherwise
D) on the contrary
10- …………you get your roof repaired, it could leak badly during
the winter rains.
A) Unless
B) As though
C) Owing to
D) In order that
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 2
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 2
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
ANSWERS:
1= C) No sooner/than
2= D) whether/or
3= A) No matter
4= B) whatever
5= D) Due to
6= A) wherever
7= B) Rather than
8= C) The moment
9= B) nevertheless
10= A) Unless
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 2
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
ANSWERS:
1= C) No sooner/than
2= D) whether/or
3= A) No matter
4= B) whatever
5= D) Due to
6= A) wherever
7= B) Rather than
8= C) The moment
9= B) nevertheless
10= A) Unless
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM EXERCISES LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 1
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM EXERCISES
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 1
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
01- She must have found something attractive in him; ………… she
would not have married him.
A) whether
B) moreover
C) otherwise
D) whereas
02- When choosing who to vote for, you must consider …………the
economic policy …………the foreign policy of the parties.
A) both/and
B) hardly/when
C) neither/or
D) whether/or
03- I always try to eat very little, I just cannot keep
my weight stable without doing exercise………… .
A) otherwise
B) yet
C) no more
D} though
04- The soldiers are ordered to shoot at …………they see moving
after the curfew, so be sure not to stay out after that.
A) even if
B) no matter
C) whatever
D) however
05- …………the efforts of municipal authorities, the public
transportation system has improved dramatically.
A) Besides
B) So that
C) In order to
D) Owing to
06- …………they had been married for several months, she had
decided that she had made a mistake by marrying him.
A) Due to
B) As long as
C) By the time
D) Unless
07- …………the unstable political situation, far fewer tourists
than usual have been visiting Jerusalem in recent years.
A) Because
B) Therefore
C) In spite of
D) Owing to
08- He did not get the job because he did not have any
experience, …………most of the other applicants did.
A) besides
B) otherwise
C) whereas
D) in order that
09- They got divorced within a month of their marriage …………they'd
been childhood and high school sweethearts.
A) although
B) no matter
C) nevertheless
D) despite
10- It is impossible to find a flat in the town centre that
is …………cheap………… in a convenient location.
A) both/and
B) whether/or
C} so/as
D) such/that
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 1
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
01- She must have found something attractive in him; ………… she
would not have married him.
A) whether
B) moreover
C) otherwise
D) whereas
02- When choosing who to vote for, you must consider …………the
economic policy …………the foreign policy of the parties.
A) both/and
B) hardly/when
C) neither/or
D) whether/or
03- I always try to eat very little, I just cannot keep
my weight stable without doing exercise………… .
A) otherwise
B) yet
C) no more
D} though
04- The soldiers are ordered to shoot at …………they see moving
after the curfew, so be sure not to stay out after that.
A) even if
B) no matter
C) whatever
D) however
05- …………the efforts of municipal authorities, the public
transportation system has improved dramatically.
A) Besides
B) So that
C) In order to
D) Owing to
06- …………they had been married for several months, she had
decided that she had made a mistake by marrying him.
A) Due to
B) As long as
C) By the time
D) Unless
07- …………the unstable political situation, far fewer tourists
than usual have been visiting Jerusalem in recent years.
A) Because
B) Therefore
C) In spite of
D) Owing to
08- He did not get the job because he did not have any
experience, …………most of the other applicants did.
A) besides
B) otherwise
C) whereas
D) in order that
09- They got divorced within a month of their marriage …………they'd
been childhood and high school sweethearts.
A) although
B) no matter
C) nevertheless
D) despite
10- It is impossible to find a flat in the town centre that
is …………cheap………… in a convenient location.
A) both/and
B) whether/or
C} so/as
D) such/that
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM EXERCISES LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 1
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM EXERCISES
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 1
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
ANSWERS:
1= C) otherwise
2= A) both/and
3= D} though
4= C) whatever
5= D) Owing to
6= C) By the time
7= D) Owing to
8= C) whereas
9= A) although
10= A) both/and
LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS 1
FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRCT LINKING WORD / CONNECTOR
ANSWERS:
1= C) otherwise
2= A) both/and
3= D} though
4= C) whatever
5= D) Owing to
6= C) By the time
7= D) Owing to
8= C) whereas
9= A) although
10= A) both/and
Saturday 7 November 2009
CONNECTORS / LINKING WORDS
CONNECTORS / LINKING WORDS
1.Contrast
On the other hand
In contrast
on the contrary
conversely
however
yet
still
nonetheless
nevertheless
even so
in spite of this
despite that/this
Ahmed worked hard. On the other hand/In contrast/ However,
Hussein hardly did any work at all.
Majdoub is lazy. However, his brother is quite diligent
(=hard working).
George is an optimist. In contrast/However, Bill is a pessimist.
Extroverts love crowds. In contrast, introverts prefer solitude.
She is not ugly. On the contrary, she is a good-looking girl.
I don't hate classical music. On the contrary, I'm very fond
of it.
Six is more than five; conversely, five is less than six.
She studied diligently for several months. Nevertheless/However/
Yet/Nonetheless, she failed.
George is very handsome. Yet, he is not popular with girls.
My uncle is 70 years old now. Nonetheless, he maintains his
interest in legal matters.
It's raining. Even so, we must go out.
2.Result
as a consequence
accordingly
for this/that reason
therefore
as a result
consequently
hence
thus
because of that / this
He passed his exams. Therefore/Thus/Hence/Accordingly/
Consequently,he had some good news to tell
his parents.
Professor Brown is an outstanding scientist. Hence,
he is highly respected.
He has been studying hard for a long time. Thus, he has
made considerable progress.
He lacks self-confidence. As a consequence, he is unlikely
to be successful.
The demand has increased sharply. Accordingly, the prices
are higher now.
3. Addition and Listing
also
besides
further
moreover
furthermore
in addition
first (firstly, first of all, to begin with, in the first
place, for one thing )
secondly (second, in the second place, for another thing)
thirdly (third, in the third place)
finally, lastly, last of all
Amine plays football. Moreover/ Besides/ Also, he runs
a restaurant.
Nihad writes short stories, in addition, she writes articles
for a newspaper.
To prepare his homework, Jack went through various history
books. Furthermore, he took notes from several encyclopaedias.
During her spare time, Aicha practices the piano; in addition,
she plays the violin.
I prefer to buy fruits and vegetables in the open market
because they are quite cheap there. Besides, they
are much fresher than fruits and vegetables sold at the
greengrocers'.
Living in a big city offers good job opportunities. Also,
it provides good educational opportunities.
Ali does not have a gift for music. Moreover, he lacks
motivation to practice music. Therefore, he can't
become a good musician.
Owning a car has some advantages. First (First of all/Firstly/
To begin with), it gives you comfort.
Secondly, it saves you a lot of time. Thirdly, it gives you
great freedom of movement.
4. Time
at first
afterwards
later
then
in the meantime
meanwhile
I read the morning papers for a while. Afterwards, I took a
shower.
First pick up the receiver and then insert a coin into the
coin-box.
At first, I had great difficulty with grammar Later, however ,
I was able to overcome these difficulties by
studying hard.
The party is Tuesday, but in the meantime I have to shop
and prepare the food.
They'll be here soon. Meanwhile, let's have coffee.
5. Exemplification
for instance
for example
to illustrate
Women generally live longer than men. For instance, in the
United States life expectancy for women is 75, while it is
73 for men.
Earthquakes can be highly destructive. To illustrate,
the earthquake which occurred in Agadir in 1960 devastated
the whole town, killing more than 15,000 people.
6. Particularization
in particular
particularly
specifically
Shopping in small markets is quite advantageous. In particular,
one can find specialty items that larger stores do not contain.
We still needed to arrange several details for the trip.
Specifically, we had to make plane and train reservations as
well as decide on the final itinerary.
7. Explanation
that is
namely
in other words
that is to say
The brochure dealt with travelling in Morocco. That is/In other
words/ Namely, it discussed transportation, currency, and language.
The machinery was not impaired; that is, it wasn't damaged.
Good readers should be able to read between the lines; that is,
they should be able to make inferences (=to draw conclusions)
about information that is conveyed indirectly or given only
partially.
There is only one topic to discuss, namely, the question
of discipline.
As a child grows up, he learns how to behave in ways which
are appropriate to the society into which he is born.
That is to say, he acquires the patterns of behaviour
which are accepted as normal in his society.
8. Similarity
Likewise
similarly
correspondingly
by the same token
in the same way
Men must wear a jacket and a tie; similarly, women must
wear a skirt or a dress, not trousers.
She was late and I similarly was delayed.
You can't teach navigation in the middle of a storm.
Likewise, you can't build a system of values in the
current educational climate.
9. Emphasis
in fact
indeed
as a matter of fact
actually
He is quite wealthy. In fact, he is one of the richest
men in town.
I like reading. As a matter of fact, it is my favourite
pastime.
Moussa is a highly talented musician. Indeed, he has an
extraordinary gift for music.
10. Reformulation
in other words
to put it in a different way
put differently
He is a conservative. In other words, he favours the
preservation of old institutions in their original form.
Is there a cheaper solution? In other words, can you make
a cheaper device?
11. Correction
rather
to be more precise
He is enjoying himself. Rather, he seems to be enjoying
himself.
This system must be improved. Rather, it must be
thoroughly changed.
Her name is not Margaret. Rather, it is Margot.
12. Transition
as for
as to
with regard to
with respect to
as regards
regarding
as far as…… is concerned
Both Riad and Walid are my friends. Riad studies law
at Yale University. As for Walid, he studies mechanical
engineering at MIT.
As far as comfort is concerned, a car is definitely much
better than a bicycle. On the other hand, with respect to
convenience, it is difficult to say the same thing.
MIT and CTI are similar in several respects (=ways).
First, they are both technical universities. Secondly,
they are alike as regards the courses offered.
Sony, which is $550, is much more expensive than Grundig,
which is $440. However, as far as quality is concerned
(With regard to/ As regards quality), the former is far
better than the latter.
13. Negative Condition
or else
otherwise
I must leave now, or else I'll be late.
You must study hard. Otherwise, you may fail.
14. Summation / Conclusion
in summary
in brief
in short
in conclusion
to be brief
to sum up
all in all
This is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat ever;
in short, it is a fiasco.
The system lacked originality, efficiency and ingenuity.
In conclusion, it was a complete failure.
15. Other Sentence Connectors
after all: considering all the factors in the situation
I don't think he should be punished for breaking the window.
After all, he's only five years old.
incidentally/by the way (used to introduce an additional
point that the speaker has just thought of)
Some people, and incidentally that includes Robert,
just won't look after themselves properly.
above all (=more than anything else)
He misses all of us, but he longs above all to see
his family again.
all the same: even so, nevertheless, in any case,
I like him; all the same, I don't trust him.
anyway, anyhow, in any case
I wasn't asked; anyway/anyhow/in any case, I wasn't
keen to go.
instead (used to indicate contrast)
Mary did not answer. Instead she looked out of the taxi window.
1.Contrast
On the other hand
In contrast
on the contrary
conversely
however
yet
still
nonetheless
nevertheless
even so
in spite of this
despite that/this
Ahmed worked hard. On the other hand/In contrast/ However,
Hussein hardly did any work at all.
Majdoub is lazy. However, his brother is quite diligent
(=hard working).
George is an optimist. In contrast/However, Bill is a pessimist.
Extroverts love crowds. In contrast, introverts prefer solitude.
She is not ugly. On the contrary, she is a good-looking girl.
I don't hate classical music. On the contrary, I'm very fond
of it.
Six is more than five; conversely, five is less than six.
She studied diligently for several months. Nevertheless/However/
Yet/Nonetheless, she failed.
George is very handsome. Yet, he is not popular with girls.
My uncle is 70 years old now. Nonetheless, he maintains his
interest in legal matters.
It's raining. Even so, we must go out.
2.Result
as a consequence
accordingly
for this/that reason
therefore
as a result
consequently
hence
thus
because of that / this
He passed his exams. Therefore/Thus/Hence/Accordingly/
Consequently,he had some good news to tell
his parents.
Professor Brown is an outstanding scientist. Hence,
he is highly respected.
He has been studying hard for a long time. Thus, he has
made considerable progress.
He lacks self-confidence. As a consequence, he is unlikely
to be successful.
The demand has increased sharply. Accordingly, the prices
are higher now.
3. Addition and Listing
also
besides
further
moreover
furthermore
in addition
first (firstly, first of all, to begin with, in the first
place, for one thing )
secondly (second, in the second place, for another thing)
thirdly (third, in the third place)
finally, lastly, last of all
Amine plays football. Moreover/ Besides/ Also, he runs
a restaurant.
Nihad writes short stories, in addition, she writes articles
for a newspaper.
To prepare his homework, Jack went through various history
books. Furthermore, he took notes from several encyclopaedias.
During her spare time, Aicha practices the piano; in addition,
she plays the violin.
I prefer to buy fruits and vegetables in the open market
because they are quite cheap there. Besides, they
are much fresher than fruits and vegetables sold at the
greengrocers'.
Living in a big city offers good job opportunities. Also,
it provides good educational opportunities.
Ali does not have a gift for music. Moreover, he lacks
motivation to practice music. Therefore, he can't
become a good musician.
Owning a car has some advantages. First (First of all/Firstly/
To begin with), it gives you comfort.
Secondly, it saves you a lot of time. Thirdly, it gives you
great freedom of movement.
4. Time
at first
afterwards
later
then
in the meantime
meanwhile
I read the morning papers for a while. Afterwards, I took a
shower.
First pick up the receiver and then insert a coin into the
coin-box.
At first, I had great difficulty with grammar Later, however ,
I was able to overcome these difficulties by
studying hard.
The party is Tuesday, but in the meantime I have to shop
and prepare the food.
They'll be here soon. Meanwhile, let's have coffee.
5. Exemplification
for instance
for example
to illustrate
Women generally live longer than men. For instance, in the
United States life expectancy for women is 75, while it is
73 for men.
Earthquakes can be highly destructive. To illustrate,
the earthquake which occurred in Agadir in 1960 devastated
the whole town, killing more than 15,000 people.
6. Particularization
in particular
particularly
specifically
Shopping in small markets is quite advantageous. In particular,
one can find specialty items that larger stores do not contain.
We still needed to arrange several details for the trip.
Specifically, we had to make plane and train reservations as
well as decide on the final itinerary.
7. Explanation
that is
namely
in other words
that is to say
The brochure dealt with travelling in Morocco. That is/In other
words/ Namely, it discussed transportation, currency, and language.
The machinery was not impaired; that is, it wasn't damaged.
Good readers should be able to read between the lines; that is,
they should be able to make inferences (=to draw conclusions)
about information that is conveyed indirectly or given only
partially.
There is only one topic to discuss, namely, the question
of discipline.
As a child grows up, he learns how to behave in ways which
are appropriate to the society into which he is born.
That is to say, he acquires the patterns of behaviour
which are accepted as normal in his society.
8. Similarity
Likewise
similarly
correspondingly
by the same token
in the same way
Men must wear a jacket and a tie; similarly, women must
wear a skirt or a dress, not trousers.
She was late and I similarly was delayed.
You can't teach navigation in the middle of a storm.
Likewise, you can't build a system of values in the
current educational climate.
9. Emphasis
in fact
indeed
as a matter of fact
actually
He is quite wealthy. In fact, he is one of the richest
men in town.
I like reading. As a matter of fact, it is my favourite
pastime.
Moussa is a highly talented musician. Indeed, he has an
extraordinary gift for music.
10. Reformulation
in other words
to put it in a different way
put differently
He is a conservative. In other words, he favours the
preservation of old institutions in their original form.
Is there a cheaper solution? In other words, can you make
a cheaper device?
11. Correction
rather
to be more precise
He is enjoying himself. Rather, he seems to be enjoying
himself.
This system must be improved. Rather, it must be
thoroughly changed.
Her name is not Margaret. Rather, it is Margot.
12. Transition
as for
as to
with regard to
with respect to
as regards
regarding
as far as…… is concerned
Both Riad and Walid are my friends. Riad studies law
at Yale University. As for Walid, he studies mechanical
engineering at MIT.
As far as comfort is concerned, a car is definitely much
better than a bicycle. On the other hand, with respect to
convenience, it is difficult to say the same thing.
MIT and CTI are similar in several respects (=ways).
First, they are both technical universities. Secondly,
they are alike as regards the courses offered.
Sony, which is $550, is much more expensive than Grundig,
which is $440. However, as far as quality is concerned
(With regard to/ As regards quality), the former is far
better than the latter.
13. Negative Condition
or else
otherwise
I must leave now, or else I'll be late.
You must study hard. Otherwise, you may fail.
14. Summation / Conclusion
in summary
in brief
in short
in conclusion
to be brief
to sum up
all in all
This is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat ever;
in short, it is a fiasco.
The system lacked originality, efficiency and ingenuity.
In conclusion, it was a complete failure.
15. Other Sentence Connectors
after all: considering all the factors in the situation
I don't think he should be punished for breaking the window.
After all, he's only five years old.
incidentally/by the way (used to introduce an additional
point that the speaker has just thought of)
Some people, and incidentally that includes Robert,
just won't look after themselves properly.
above all (=more than anything else)
He misses all of us, but he longs above all to see
his family again.
all the same: even so, nevertheless, in any case,
I like him; all the same, I don't trust him.
anyway, anyhow, in any case
I wasn't asked; anyway/anyhow/in any case, I wasn't
keen to go.
instead (used to indicate contrast)
Mary did not answer. Instead she looked out of the taxi window.
Friday 6 November 2009
CONNECTORS / LINKING WORDS
CONNECTORS / LINKING WORDS
1.Contrast
On the other hand
In contrast
on the contrary
conversely
however
yet
still
nonetheless
nevertheless
even so
in spite of this
despite that/this
a. Direct Opposition
Ahmed worked hard. On the other hand/In contrast/ However,
Hussein hardly did any work at all.
Majdoub is lazy. However, his brother is quite diligent
(=hard working).
George is an optimist. In contrast/However, Bill is a pessimist.
Extroverts love crowds. In contrast, introverts prefer solitude.
She is not ugly. On the contrary, she is a good-looking girl.
I don't hate classical music. On the contrary, I'm very fond of it.
Six is more than five; conversely, five is less than six.
b. Denial of Expectation (Unexpected result)
She studied diligently for several months. Nevertheless/However/
Yet/Nonetheless, she failed.
George is very handsome. Yet, he is not popular with girls.
My uncle is 70 years old now. Nonetheless, he maintains his
interest in legal matters.
It's raining. Even so, we must go out.
2.Result
as a consequence
accordingly
for this/that reason
therefore
as a result
consequently
hence
thus
because of that / this
He passed his exams. Therefore/Thus/Hence/Accordingly/
Consequently,he had some good news to tell his parents.
Professor Brown is an outstanding scientist. Hence, he
is highly respected.
He has been studying hard for a long time. Thus, he has
made considerable progress.
He lacks self-confidence. As a consequence, he is unlikely
to be successful.
The demand has increased sharply. Accordingly, the prices
are higher now.
3. Addition and Listing
also
besides
further
moreover
furthermore
in addition
first (firstly, first of all, to begin with, in the first
place, for one thing )
secondly (second, in the second place, for another thing)
thirdly (third, in the third place)
finally, lastly, last of all
Amine plays football. Moreover/ Besides/ Also, he runs
a restaurant.
Nihad writes short stories, in addition, she writes articles
for a newspaper.
To prepare his homework, Jack went through various history
books. Furthermore, he took notes from several encyclopaedias.
During her spare time, Aicha practices the piano; in addition,
she plays the violin.
I prefer to buy fruits and vegetables in the open market because
they are quite cheap there. Besides, they are much fresher than
fruits and vegetables sold at the greengrocers'.
Living in a big city offers good job opportunities. Also, it
provides good educational opportunities.
Ali does not have a gift for music. Moreover, he lacks motivation
to practice music. Therefore, he can'tbecome a good musician.
Owning a car has some advantages. First (First of all/Firstly/
To begin with), it gives you comfort.
Secondly, it saves you a lot of time. Thirdly, it gives you
great freedom of movement.
4. Time
at first
afterwards
later
then
in the meantime
meanwhile
I read the morning papers for a while. Afterwards, I took a shower.
First pick up the receiver and then insert a coin into the coin-box.
At first, I had great difficulty with grammar Later, however ,
I was able to overcome these difficulties by studying hard.
The party is Tuesday, but in the meantime I have to shop and
prepare the food.
They'll be here soon. Meanwhile, let's have coffee.
5. Exemplification
for instance
for example
to illustrate
Women generally live longer than men. For instance, in the
United States life expectancy for women is 75, while it is 73
for men.
Earthquakes can be highly destructive. To illustrate, the
earthquake which occurred in Agadir in 1960 devastated the
whole town, killing more than 15,000 people.
6. Particularization
in particular
particularly
specifically
Shopping in small markets is quite advantageous. In particular,
one can find specialty items that larger stores do not contain.
We still needed to arrange several details for the trip.
Specifically, we had to make plane and train reservations
as well as decide on the final itinerary.
7. Explanation
that is
namely
in other words
that is to say
The brochure dealt with travelling in Morocco. That is /In other
words/ Namely, it discussed transportation, currency, and language.
The machinery was not impaired; that is, it wasn't damaged.
Good readers should be able to read between the lines; that is,
they should be able to make inferences (=to draw conclusions)
about information that is conveyed indirectly or given only
partially.
There is only one topic to discuss, namely, the question of
discipline.
As a child grows up, he learns how to behave in ways which are
appropriate to the society into which he is born. That is to say,
he acquires the patterns of behaviour which are accepted as
normal in his society.
8. Similarity
Likewise
similarly
correspondingly
by the same token
in the same way
Men must wear a jacket and a tie; similarly, women must wear
a skirt or a dress, not trousers.
She was late and I similarly was delayed.
You can't teach navigation in the middle of a storm. Likewise,
you can't build a system of values in the current educational
climate.
9. Emphasis
in fact
indeed
as a matter of fact
actually
He is quite wealthy. In fact, he is one of the richest men
in town.
I like reading. As a matter of fact, it is my favourite pastime.
Moussa is a highly talented musician. Indeed, he has an extraordinary
gift for music.
10. Reformulation
in other words
to put it in a different way
put differently
He is a conservative. In other words, he favours the preservation
of old institutions in their original form.
Is there a cheaper solution? In other words, can you make a
cheaper device?
11. Correction
rather
to be more precise
He is enjoying himself. Rather, he seems to be enjoying
himself.
This system must be improved. Rather, it must be thoroughly
changed.
Her name is not Margaret. Rather, it is Margot.
12. Transition
as for
as to
with regard to
with respect to
as regards
regarding
as far as…… is concerned
Both Riad and Walid are my friends. Riad studies law at
Yale University. As for Walid, he studies mechanical
engineering at MIT.
As far as comfort is concerned, a car is definitely much
better than a bicycle. On the other hand, with respect to
convenience, it is difficult to say the same thing.
MIT and CTI are similar in several respects (=ways). First,
they are both technical universities. Secondly, they are
alike as regards the courses offered.
Sony, which is $550, is much more expensive than Grundig,
which is $440. However, as far as quality is concerned
(With regard to/ As regards quality), the former is far
better than the latter.
13. Negative Condition
or else
otherwise
I must leave now, or else I'll be late.
You must study hard. Otherwise, you may fail.
14. Summation / Conclusion
in summary
in brief
in short
in conclusion
to be brief
to sum up
all in all
This is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat ever;
in short, it is a fiasco.
The system lacked originality, efficiency and ingenuity.
In conclusion, it was a complete failure.
15. Other Sentence Connectors
after all: considering all the factors in the situation
I don't think he should be punished for breaking the window.
After all, he's only five years old.
incidentally/by the way (used to introduce an additional
point that the speaker has just thought of)
Some people, and incidentally that includes Robert, just
won't look after themselves properly.
above all (=more than anything else)
He misses all of us, but he longs above all to see his
family again.
all the same: even so, nevertheless, in any case,
I like him; all the same, I don't trust him.
anyway, anyhow, in any case
I wasn't asked; anyway/anyhow/in any case, I wasn't
keen to go.
instead (used to indicate contrast)
Mary did not answer. Instead she looked out of the
taxi window.
1.Contrast
On the other hand
In contrast
on the contrary
conversely
however
yet
still
nonetheless
nevertheless
even so
in spite of this
despite that/this
a. Direct Opposition
Ahmed worked hard. On the other hand/In contrast/ However,
Hussein hardly did any work at all.
Majdoub is lazy. However, his brother is quite diligent
(=hard working).
George is an optimist. In contrast/However, Bill is a pessimist.
Extroverts love crowds. In contrast, introverts prefer solitude.
She is not ugly. On the contrary, she is a good-looking girl.
I don't hate classical music. On the contrary, I'm very fond of it.
Six is more than five; conversely, five is less than six.
b. Denial of Expectation (Unexpected result)
She studied diligently for several months. Nevertheless/However/
Yet/Nonetheless, she failed.
George is very handsome. Yet, he is not popular with girls.
My uncle is 70 years old now. Nonetheless, he maintains his
interest in legal matters.
It's raining. Even so, we must go out.
2.Result
as a consequence
accordingly
for this/that reason
therefore
as a result
consequently
hence
thus
because of that / this
He passed his exams. Therefore/Thus/Hence/Accordingly/
Consequently,he had some good news to tell his parents.
Professor Brown is an outstanding scientist. Hence, he
is highly respected.
He has been studying hard for a long time. Thus, he has
made considerable progress.
He lacks self-confidence. As a consequence, he is unlikely
to be successful.
The demand has increased sharply. Accordingly, the prices
are higher now.
3. Addition and Listing
also
besides
further
moreover
furthermore
in addition
first (firstly, first of all, to begin with, in the first
place, for one thing )
secondly (second, in the second place, for another thing)
thirdly (third, in the third place)
finally, lastly, last of all
Amine plays football. Moreover/ Besides/ Also, he runs
a restaurant.
Nihad writes short stories, in addition, she writes articles
for a newspaper.
To prepare his homework, Jack went through various history
books. Furthermore, he took notes from several encyclopaedias.
During her spare time, Aicha practices the piano; in addition,
she plays the violin.
I prefer to buy fruits and vegetables in the open market because
they are quite cheap there. Besides, they are much fresher than
fruits and vegetables sold at the greengrocers'.
Living in a big city offers good job opportunities. Also, it
provides good educational opportunities.
Ali does not have a gift for music. Moreover, he lacks motivation
to practice music. Therefore, he can'tbecome a good musician.
Owning a car has some advantages. First (First of all/Firstly/
To begin with), it gives you comfort.
Secondly, it saves you a lot of time. Thirdly, it gives you
great freedom of movement.
4. Time
at first
afterwards
later
then
in the meantime
meanwhile
I read the morning papers for a while. Afterwards, I took a shower.
First pick up the receiver and then insert a coin into the coin-box.
At first, I had great difficulty with grammar Later, however ,
I was able to overcome these difficulties by studying hard.
The party is Tuesday, but in the meantime I have to shop and
prepare the food.
They'll be here soon. Meanwhile, let's have coffee.
5. Exemplification
for instance
for example
to illustrate
Women generally live longer than men. For instance, in the
United States life expectancy for women is 75, while it is 73
for men.
Earthquakes can be highly destructive. To illustrate, the
earthquake which occurred in Agadir in 1960 devastated the
whole town, killing more than 15,000 people.
6. Particularization
in particular
particularly
specifically
Shopping in small markets is quite advantageous. In particular,
one can find specialty items that larger stores do not contain.
We still needed to arrange several details for the trip.
Specifically, we had to make plane and train reservations
as well as decide on the final itinerary.
7. Explanation
that is
namely
in other words
that is to say
The brochure dealt with travelling in Morocco. That is /In other
words/ Namely, it discussed transportation, currency, and language.
The machinery was not impaired; that is, it wasn't damaged.
Good readers should be able to read between the lines; that is,
they should be able to make inferences (=to draw conclusions)
about information that is conveyed indirectly or given only
partially.
There is only one topic to discuss, namely, the question of
discipline.
As a child grows up, he learns how to behave in ways which are
appropriate to the society into which he is born. That is to say,
he acquires the patterns of behaviour which are accepted as
normal in his society.
8. Similarity
Likewise
similarly
correspondingly
by the same token
in the same way
Men must wear a jacket and a tie; similarly, women must wear
a skirt or a dress, not trousers.
She was late and I similarly was delayed.
You can't teach navigation in the middle of a storm. Likewise,
you can't build a system of values in the current educational
climate.
9. Emphasis
in fact
indeed
as a matter of fact
actually
He is quite wealthy. In fact, he is one of the richest men
in town.
I like reading. As a matter of fact, it is my favourite pastime.
Moussa is a highly talented musician. Indeed, he has an extraordinary
gift for music.
10. Reformulation
in other words
to put it in a different way
put differently
He is a conservative. In other words, he favours the preservation
of old institutions in their original form.
Is there a cheaper solution? In other words, can you make a
cheaper device?
11. Correction
rather
to be more precise
He is enjoying himself. Rather, he seems to be enjoying
himself.
This system must be improved. Rather, it must be thoroughly
changed.
Her name is not Margaret. Rather, it is Margot.
12. Transition
as for
as to
with regard to
with respect to
as regards
regarding
as far as…… is concerned
Both Riad and Walid are my friends. Riad studies law at
Yale University. As for Walid, he studies mechanical
engineering at MIT.
As far as comfort is concerned, a car is definitely much
better than a bicycle. On the other hand, with respect to
convenience, it is difficult to say the same thing.
MIT and CTI are similar in several respects (=ways). First,
they are both technical universities. Secondly, they are
alike as regards the courses offered.
Sony, which is $550, is much more expensive than Grundig,
which is $440. However, as far as quality is concerned
(With regard to/ As regards quality), the former is far
better than the latter.
13. Negative Condition
or else
otherwise
I must leave now, or else I'll be late.
You must study hard. Otherwise, you may fail.
14. Summation / Conclusion
in summary
in brief
in short
in conclusion
to be brief
to sum up
all in all
This is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat ever;
in short, it is a fiasco.
The system lacked originality, efficiency and ingenuity.
In conclusion, it was a complete failure.
15. Other Sentence Connectors
after all: considering all the factors in the situation
I don't think he should be punished for breaking the window.
After all, he's only five years old.
incidentally/by the way (used to introduce an additional
point that the speaker has just thought of)
Some people, and incidentally that includes Robert, just
won't look after themselves properly.
above all (=more than anything else)
He misses all of us, but he longs above all to see his
family again.
all the same: even so, nevertheless, in any case,
I like him; all the same, I don't trust him.
anyway, anyhow, in any case
I wasn't asked; anyway/anyhow/in any case, I wasn't
keen to go.
instead (used to indicate contrast)
Mary did not answer. Instead she looked out of the
taxi window.
Monday 13 July 2009
CONDITIONAL TYPE 1 EXERCISE : ANSWERS
CONDITIONAL TYPE 1 EXERCISE
PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE.
( Conditional Type 1 )
ANSWERS
1- wants
2- aren't watered / will die ( the verb in the “if” is in
the passive ,so the auxiliary “be” is introduced and the
main verb “water” is turned into a past participle)
3- will join / finds
4- drinks / will feel
5- doesn't feel / will have to take
6- doesn't tell / will never trust
7- sets / won't oversleep
8- takes / won't be
9- passes / will go
10- won’t accept / doesn’t support
11- will let / is
12- fit / will buy
13- will buy
14- catch / will arrive
15- don't practise / will never become
PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE.
( Conditional Type 1 )
ANSWERS
1- wants
2- aren't watered / will die ( the verb in the “if” is in
the passive ,so the auxiliary “be” is introduced and the
main verb “water” is turned into a past participle)
3- will join / finds
4- drinks / will feel
5- doesn't feel / will have to take
6- doesn't tell / will never trust
7- sets / won't oversleep
8- takes / won't be
9- passes / will go
10- won’t accept / doesn’t support
11- will let / is
12- fit / will buy
13- will buy
14- catch / will arrive
15- don't practise / will never become
CONDITIONAL TYPE 1 EXERCISE
CONDITIONAL TYPE 1 EXERCISE
PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE.
( Conditional Type 1 )
1- If he (want) to visit a foreign country, he must have
a valid visa and a passport.
2- If these flowers (not water), they (die).
3- Jabir (join) us later if he (find) time.
4- If she (drink) this medicine, she (feel) better.
5- If she (not feel) well, she (have to take) a day-off.
6- If he (not tell) me the truth at once, I (never trust)
him again.
7- If she (set) the alarm clock, she (not oversleep).
8- If she (take) this pill, she (not be) seasick.
9- If he (pass) his exam, he (go) on university.
10- I (not accept) his explanation only if he (not support)
it with evidence.
11- We haven't got a key but she (let) us in if she (be) at home.
12- If those shoes in the window shop (fit) me, I (buy) them.
13- If I get a rise in my salary next year, I (buy) a new car.
14- If we (catch) the bus, we (arrive) at ten o'clock.
15- If you (not practise) speaking English, you (never become)
really fluent.
PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE.
( Conditional Type 1 )
1- If he (want) to visit a foreign country, he must have
a valid visa and a passport.
2- If these flowers (not water), they (die).
3- Jabir (join) us later if he (find) time.
4- If she (drink) this medicine, she (feel) better.
5- If she (not feel) well, she (have to take) a day-off.
6- If he (not tell) me the truth at once, I (never trust)
him again.
7- If she (set) the alarm clock, she (not oversleep).
8- If she (take) this pill, she (not be) seasick.
9- If he (pass) his exam, he (go) on university.
10- I (not accept) his explanation only if he (not support)
it with evidence.
11- We haven't got a key but she (let) us in if she (be) at home.
12- If those shoes in the window shop (fit) me, I (buy) them.
13- If I get a rise in my salary next year, I (buy) a new car.
14- If we (catch) the bus, we (arrive) at ten o'clock.
15- If you (not practise) speaking English, you (never become)
really fluent.
Monday 6 July 2009
REPORTED SPEECH : ORDERS AND COMMANDS
REPORTED SPEECH : ORDERS AND COMMANDS
1. Orders and commands are normally reported by “tell /
order / ask + object pronoun + infinitive”:
“Go to bed immediately!” The father said.
The father told / ordered the child to go to bed immediately.
“Switch that mobile phone off!” The teacher said.
The teacher told / ordered the student to switch the mobile
phone off.
“Be on time for the meeting!” The boss said.
The boss told / ordered me to be on time for the meeting.
“Sit down!” The secretary said.
She told / ordered me to sit down.
She said, “Go away.”
She told / ordered me ( him / her / us / them ) to go away.
"Stay in bed if you want to recover quickly,” my mother said
to me.
My mother told /ordered / commanded me to stay in bed if I
wanted to recover quickly .
“Study regularly if you want to pass the exam,” the teacher said.
The teacher told / urged us to study if we wanted to pass the
exam.
2. When the commands / orders are negative, “not” is introduced
before “to” of the infinitive:
“Don’t worry! Be happy!” He said.
He told / ordered her not to worry but to be happy.
“Don’t smoke here!” The nurse said.
He told / ordered us not to smoke there.
“Don’t read it,” She said.
She told /ordered me not to read it.
“Don’t touch me, “She said.
She told /asked / ordered me not to touch her.
“Don't talk to your neighbour,” the teacher said.
3. Military orders and commands are reported in most cases by:
a. “command + object + infinitive”
b. “command + that + subject + should + verb + …”
c. “command + that + subject + verb (subjunctive) + …”
“Fire,” shouted the officer.
The officer commanded his men to fire.
The officer commanded that his men should fire.
The officer commanded that his men fire.
He commanded his troops to attack.
“Stop the car,” said the police.
The police commanded the driver to stop the car.
The police commanded that the driver should stop the car.
The police commanded that the driver stop the car.
1. Orders and commands are normally reported by “tell /
order / ask + object pronoun + infinitive”:
“Go to bed immediately!” The father said.
The father told / ordered the child to go to bed immediately.
“Switch that mobile phone off!” The teacher said.
The teacher told / ordered the student to switch the mobile
phone off.
“Be on time for the meeting!” The boss said.
The boss told / ordered me to be on time for the meeting.
“Sit down!” The secretary said.
She told / ordered me to sit down.
She said, “Go away.”
She told / ordered me ( him / her / us / them ) to go away.
"Stay in bed if you want to recover quickly,” my mother said
to me.
My mother told /ordered / commanded me to stay in bed if I
wanted to recover quickly .
“Study regularly if you want to pass the exam,” the teacher said.
The teacher told / urged us to study if we wanted to pass the
exam.
2. When the commands / orders are negative, “not” is introduced
before “to” of the infinitive:
“Don’t worry! Be happy!” He said.
He told / ordered her not to worry but to be happy.
“Don’t smoke here!” The nurse said.
He told / ordered us not to smoke there.
“Don’t read it,” She said.
She told /ordered me not to read it.
“Don’t touch me, “She said.
She told /asked / ordered me not to touch her.
“Don't talk to your neighbour,” the teacher said.
3. Military orders and commands are reported in most cases by:
a. “command + object + infinitive”
b. “command + that + subject + should + verb + …”
c. “command + that + subject + verb (subjunctive) + …”
“Fire,” shouted the officer.
The officer commanded his men to fire.
The officer commanded that his men should fire.
The officer commanded that his men fire.
He commanded his troops to attack.
“Stop the car,” said the police.
The police commanded the driver to stop the car.
The police commanded that the driver should stop the car.
The police commanded that the driver stop the car.
REPORTED SPEECH : REPORTING SUGGESTIONS
REPORTED SPEECH : REPORTING SUGGESTIONS
Suggestions can be reported as follows:
A. Suggest + should = to suggest that someone should do something
B. Suggest + Gerund = to suggest doing something
C. Suggest + possessive adjective + gerund = to suggest
(my / your / his / her…) doing something
D. Suggest + Simple Past = to suggest that someone did something
1. "Why don't you go home?"
He suggested that I should go home.
He suggested that I went home.
He suggested going home.
He suggested my going home
2. "Why don't we go to Paris for our holidays?"
I suggested going to Paris for our holidays.
I suggested our going to Paris for our holidays.
I suggested that we should go to Paris for our holidays.
I suggested that we went to Paris for our holidays.
3. He said, “Let’s go to the cinema.”
He suggested going to the cinema.
He suggested we went to cinema.
He suggested we should go to the cinema.
He suggested our going to the cinema.
4. When “let’s” is used in the negative, in most cases it is
reported as follows:
“Let’s not say anything about it,” he said.
He suggested not saying anything about it.
OR
He suggested saying nothing about it.
5. “Shall we meet at the theatre?”
He suggested we should meet at the theatre.
He suggested meeting at the theatre.
He suggested our meeting at the theatre.
He suggested we met at the theatre.
6. “How about” and “what about” introduce a suggestion and are
then reported by “suggest + gerund”.
“How about flying to Dakar?” she said.
She suggested flying to Dakar.
“What about having a drink?” I said.
I suggested having a drink.
7. “Why not” can be reported by “suggest + gerund”.
“Why not go to the beach?” he said
He suggested going to the beach.
Suggestions can be reported as follows:
A. Suggest + should = to suggest that someone should do something
B. Suggest + Gerund = to suggest doing something
C. Suggest + possessive adjective + gerund = to suggest
(my / your / his / her…) doing something
D. Suggest + Simple Past = to suggest that someone did something
1. "Why don't you go home?"
He suggested that I should go home.
He suggested that I went home.
He suggested going home.
He suggested my going home
2. "Why don't we go to Paris for our holidays?"
I suggested going to Paris for our holidays.
I suggested our going to Paris for our holidays.
I suggested that we should go to Paris for our holidays.
I suggested that we went to Paris for our holidays.
3. He said, “Let’s go to the cinema.”
He suggested going to the cinema.
He suggested we went to cinema.
He suggested we should go to the cinema.
He suggested our going to the cinema.
4. When “let’s” is used in the negative, in most cases it is
reported as follows:
“Let’s not say anything about it,” he said.
He suggested not saying anything about it.
OR
He suggested saying nothing about it.
5. “Shall we meet at the theatre?”
He suggested we should meet at the theatre.
He suggested meeting at the theatre.
He suggested our meeting at the theatre.
He suggested we met at the theatre.
6. “How about” and “what about” introduce a suggestion and are
then reported by “suggest + gerund”.
“How about flying to Dakar?” she said.
She suggested flying to Dakar.
“What about having a drink?” I said.
I suggested having a drink.
7. “Why not” can be reported by “suggest + gerund”.
“Why not go to the beach?” he said
He suggested going to the beach.
REPORTED SPEECH : REPORTING REQUESTS AND OFFERS
REPORTED SPEECH : REPORTING REQUESTS AND OFFERS
1. Requests can be reported in various ways.
a. “Could I have” is normally reported by “ask for”:
“Could I have a cup of coffee?” she said.
She asked (me) for a cup of coffee.
b. “Could you” used for requests is reported by “ask + object
+ infinitive”:
“Could you shut that door, please?” he said.
She asked me to shut the door.
“Could you open the window please?”
Merriam asked me to open the window.
c. But when “Could you” introduces an ordinary question it is
reported as a “yes / no” question::
“Could you live entirely on you own?” he said.
He wanted to know / he wondered / he asked if I could live
entirely on my own.
d. “Would you”, “would you mind” and “will you” can be reported
either by “ask + object +infinitive”
or simply as ordinary questions:
“Would you mind waiting for me?”
He asked me to wait for him.”
OR
He asked if I would mind waiting for him.
“Would you mind turning the music down?”
We asked our neighbours to turn the music down.
OR
We asked our neighbours if they would mind turning the music down.
e. Requests introduced by an “infinitive” are reported by “ask
+ object + infinitive” or by “request + object +
infinitive” depending on the degree of the formality of the situation:
“Close the door, please,” he said
He asked me to close the door.
“Please, pass me the saltshaker,”
He asked me to pass the salt shaker.
“Please, be punctual at all my lectures,” the professor said
to his students.
The professor requested his students to be punctual at all his
lectures.
2. Offers can be reported in three main ways:
a. “offer + object (I O) + object (D O)”
“Would you like a drink?”
He offered me a drink,
b. “offer + infinitive + for + noun / pronoun”
“Shall I wait for you?”
He offered to wait for me.
c. “offer + infinitive + object + for + noun / pronoun”
“Can I carry the suitcases for you?” he said.
He offered to carry the suitcases for me.
1. Requests can be reported in various ways.
a. “Could I have” is normally reported by “ask for”:
“Could I have a cup of coffee?” she said.
She asked (me) for a cup of coffee.
b. “Could you” used for requests is reported by “ask + object
+ infinitive”:
“Could you shut that door, please?” he said.
She asked me to shut the door.
“Could you open the window please?”
Merriam asked me to open the window.
c. But when “Could you” introduces an ordinary question it is
reported as a “yes / no” question::
“Could you live entirely on you own?” he said.
He wanted to know / he wondered / he asked if I could live
entirely on my own.
d. “Would you”, “would you mind” and “will you” can be reported
either by “ask + object +infinitive”
or simply as ordinary questions:
“Would you mind waiting for me?”
He asked me to wait for him.”
OR
He asked if I would mind waiting for him.
“Would you mind turning the music down?”
We asked our neighbours to turn the music down.
OR
We asked our neighbours if they would mind turning the music down.
e. Requests introduced by an “infinitive” are reported by “ask
+ object + infinitive” or by “request + object +
infinitive” depending on the degree of the formality of the situation:
“Close the door, please,” he said
He asked me to close the door.
“Please, pass me the saltshaker,”
He asked me to pass the salt shaker.
“Please, be punctual at all my lectures,” the professor said
to his students.
The professor requested his students to be punctual at all his
lectures.
2. Offers can be reported in three main ways:
a. “offer + object (I O) + object (D O)”
“Would you like a drink?”
He offered me a drink,
b. “offer + infinitive + for + noun / pronoun”
“Shall I wait for you?”
He offered to wait for me.
c. “offer + infinitive + object + for + noun / pronoun”
“Can I carry the suitcases for you?” he said.
He offered to carry the suitcases for me.
REPORTED SPEECH : REPORTING ADVICE
REPORTED SPEECH : REPORTING ADVICE
1. Most of the sentences expressing advice should be reported by
the verb “advise”.
Advise
To advise someone to do something
"If I were you, I would see a physician very soon."
He advised me to see a physician very soon.
"You should have some rest."
I advised him / her to have some rest.
“I should phone her if I were you,” said Pedro.
Pedro advised me to phone her.
2. Advice expressed by “You had better” can be reported unchanged
but can also be reported by advise:
He said, 'You'd better tell your Dad.'
He said I'd better tell Dad.
OR
He advised me to tell Dad.
3. “I / we had better” will normally be reported unchanged:
He said, “I'd better wait.”
He said he had better wait.
4. “Why don't you” often introduces suggestions or advice and is
then reported by suggest or advise:
“Why don't you ask them?” I said.
I advised him / her to ask them.
5. Advice expressed by “ought to” is normally reported unchanged:
“The government ought to build more schools and hospitals in the
area,” said the deputy.
The deputy said that the government ought to build more schools
and hospitals in the area.
1. Most of the sentences expressing advice should be reported by
the verb “advise”.
Advise
To advise someone to do something
"If I were you, I would see a physician very soon."
He advised me to see a physician very soon.
"You should have some rest."
I advised him / her to have some rest.
“I should phone her if I were you,” said Pedro.
Pedro advised me to phone her.
2. Advice expressed by “You had better” can be reported unchanged
but can also be reported by advise:
He said, 'You'd better tell your Dad.'
He said I'd better tell Dad.
OR
He advised me to tell Dad.
3. “I / we had better” will normally be reported unchanged:
He said, “I'd better wait.”
He said he had better wait.
4. “Why don't you” often introduces suggestions or advice and is
then reported by suggest or advise:
“Why don't you ask them?” I said.
I advised him / her to ask them.
5. Advice expressed by “ought to” is normally reported unchanged:
“The government ought to build more schools and hospitals in the
area,” said the deputy.
The deputy said that the government ought to build more schools
and hospitals in the area.
Sunday 5 July 2009
CONDITIONALS 3 : TYPE 1 , TYPE 2 AND TYPE 3
CONDITIONALS 3 : TYPE 1 , TYPE 2 AND TYPE 3
Students sometimes have difficulty with conditional sentences, either
because they cannot find the appropriate type
of condition to suit the situation, or because they make mistakes with
the sequence of tenses. Here, I’ll only be
dealing with the three basic types of condition, commonly referred to
as Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3.
CONDITIONAL TYPE 3
TYPE 3
PAST CONDITIONAL
UNREAL PAST
TYPE 3
We can use conditional type 3 / past conditional / the third Conditional
to talk about 'impossible' conditions,
impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has
happened
This sometimes means that conditional sentences are about situations
in the past that did not occur and are
imaginary.
We use it to:
1. criticize people,
2. point out their mistakes or
3. express regret about the past.
Sometimes we do things which we regret afterwards. Let us take
the example of the little boy who was knocked
down and killed by a car last week when he ran into the road to get
his ball.
The little boy ran into the road.
The car knocked him down.
The little boy was killed.
If the little boy hadn’t run into the road, the car wouldn’t have knocked
him down.
He would have lost his ball but not his life.
Here we are looking at a past event and are just imagining what would
or might have happened if circumstances had been different.
Summary:
When is conditional type 3 used?
We use conditional type 3 / past conditional / the third conditional
when we imagine the possible consequences of
past actions and situations which did not in fact happen.
Which tenses do we need?
If + past perfect + I would have done
I would have done + if + past perfect
If we had beaten Manchester, we would have been champion.
If + past perfect tense + I could have / might have done
I could have / might have done + If + past perfect tense
If he had struggled, he could have reached his aim. (ability)
If they had informed me, I might have helped them, (probability /
possibility)
I was tired so I went to bed early.
===If I hadn't been tired, I wouldn't have gone to bed early.
I wouldn't have gone to bed early If I hadn't been tired.
They didn’t study and consequently they didn’t pass the exam.
They failed.
===>If they had studied, they would have passed the exam. They
wouldn’t have failed.
They wouldn’t have failed. They would have passed the exam If they
had studied.
I didn’t meet you at the station because I didn’t know you were coming.
===>If I had known you were coming, I would have met you at the station.
I would have met you at the station if I had known you were coming.
If she had come to school yesterday, she would have done the test.
She would have done the test if she had come to school yesterday.
But she didn’t come to school yesterday, so she didn’t do the test.
If she hadn’t worked hard, she wouldn’t have passed her exam.
She wouldn’t have passed her exam if she hadn’t worked hard.
But she worked hard, so she passed her exam.
If I had studied harder I would have got a better job.
Students sometimes have difficulty with conditional sentences, either
because they cannot find the appropriate type
of condition to suit the situation, or because they make mistakes with
the sequence of tenses. Here, I’ll only be
dealing with the three basic types of condition, commonly referred to
as Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3.
CONDITIONAL TYPE 3
TYPE 3
PAST CONDITIONAL
UNREAL PAST
TYPE 3
We can use conditional type 3 / past conditional / the third Conditional
to talk about 'impossible' conditions,
impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has
happened
This sometimes means that conditional sentences are about situations
in the past that did not occur and are
imaginary.
We use it to:
1. criticize people,
2. point out their mistakes or
3. express regret about the past.
Sometimes we do things which we regret afterwards. Let us take
the example of the little boy who was knocked
down and killed by a car last week when he ran into the road to get
his ball.
The little boy ran into the road.
The car knocked him down.
The little boy was killed.
If the little boy hadn’t run into the road, the car wouldn’t have knocked
him down.
He would have lost his ball but not his life.
Here we are looking at a past event and are just imagining what would
or might have happened if circumstances had been different.
Summary:
When is conditional type 3 used?
We use conditional type 3 / past conditional / the third conditional
when we imagine the possible consequences of
past actions and situations which did not in fact happen.
Which tenses do we need?
If + past perfect + I would have done
I would have done + if + past perfect
If we had beaten Manchester, we would have been champion.
If + past perfect tense + I could have / might have done
I could have / might have done + If + past perfect tense
If he had struggled, he could have reached his aim. (ability)
If they had informed me, I might have helped them, (probability /
possibility)
I was tired so I went to bed early.
===If I hadn't been tired, I wouldn't have gone to bed early.
I wouldn't have gone to bed early If I hadn't been tired.
They didn’t study and consequently they didn’t pass the exam.
They failed.
===>If they had studied, they would have passed the exam. They
wouldn’t have failed.
They wouldn’t have failed. They would have passed the exam If they
had studied.
I didn’t meet you at the station because I didn’t know you were coming.
===>If I had known you were coming, I would have met you at the station.
I would have met you at the station if I had known you were coming.
If she had come to school yesterday, she would have done the test.
She would have done the test if she had come to school yesterday.
But she didn’t come to school yesterday, so she didn’t do the test.
If she hadn’t worked hard, she wouldn’t have passed her exam.
She wouldn’t have passed her exam if she hadn’t worked hard.
But she worked hard, so she passed her exam.
If I had studied harder I would have got a better job.
CONDITIONALS 2 : TYPE 1 , TYPE 2 AND TYPE 3
CONDITIONALS 2 : TYPE 1 , TYPE 2 AND TYPE 3
Students sometimes have difficulty with conditional sentences, either
because they cannot find the appropriate type of condition to suit
the situation, or because they make mistakes with the sequence of
tenses. Here, I’ll only be dealing with the three basic types of
condition, commonly referred to as Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3.
CONDITIONAL TYPE 2
TYPE 2
PRESENT CONDITIONAL
UNREAL PRESENT
Unfortunately, we cannot always do the things we would like to do,
but this does not stop us from imagining or dreaming about what
we would do if circumstances permitted. Let us look at Sam’s case.
He is a student, with very little free time, who often day-dreams:
I’d (would) go out with my friends. But the reality is that
I don’t go out with my friends because I have very little free time.
I’d (would) read a lot of books. But I don’t read a lot of books
because of the very little time I have.
I’d (watch) watch more films. But in fact I watch fewer films.
If I had more free time, I’d (would) read a lot of books.
I’d (would) go out with my friends If I had more free time.
These activities are not possible at the moment because Sam
doesn’t have enough free time. He is just imagining the things
he would do if circumstances were different.
Summary:
When is conditional type 2 used?
When we imagine the consequences of present or future activities
and situations which are not very probable or which do not even exist.
1.To talk about the present when the event in the if-clause is not
true because of the circumstances(impossible present situations):
I could go on a world tour if I was / were rich. ( Now / in fact /
in reality I'm not rich.)
Going on a world tour is merely a dream.
2. To talk about the future when the event in the if-clause is
unlikely to happen due to circumstances (imagined events in the
future, which are impossible, unreal or unlikely):
I’d buy a limousine if I got that job. (I don't think / it’s unlikely
that I will get the job.)
Buying a limousine will be impossible because I won’t get that job.
If I went by train now, I would get there earlier. (present)
If they flew tomorrow, they would be able to see the festival. (future)
If I had more money, I would lend you some. (present)
To conclude, the second conditional / present conditional describes
imaginary or unlikely situations.
Which tenses do we need?
1. If + simple past + I would (do)
I would (do) + if + simple past
If he were rich he would buy a big house.
He would buy a big house if he were rich. (But he isn’t rich, so
he can’t buy a big house.)
If she were a doctor, she would help sick people.
She would help sick people if she were a doctor.
If they lived in the city, they would go to the cinema more often
If we went to live in England, we’d (would) learn English very quickly.
If I were you, I would go to bed earlier.
2. If + simple past + I could / might (do)
I could / might (do) + if + simple past
If you tried again, you would succeed.
If you tried again, you might succeed.
You might succeed if you tried again.
If you tried again, you could succeed.
You could succeed if you tried again.
If he applied for the post, he would get it.
If she studied a bit harder, she could succeed.
If you asked him, he might help you.
Students sometimes have difficulty with conditional sentences, either
because they cannot find the appropriate type of condition to suit
the situation, or because they make mistakes with the sequence of
tenses. Here, I’ll only be dealing with the three basic types of
condition, commonly referred to as Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3.
CONDITIONAL TYPE 2
TYPE 2
PRESENT CONDITIONAL
UNREAL PRESENT
Unfortunately, we cannot always do the things we would like to do,
but this does not stop us from imagining or dreaming about what
we would do if circumstances permitted. Let us look at Sam’s case.
He is a student, with very little free time, who often day-dreams:
I’d (would) go out with my friends. But the reality is that
I don’t go out with my friends because I have very little free time.
I’d (would) read a lot of books. But I don’t read a lot of books
because of the very little time I have.
I’d (watch) watch more films. But in fact I watch fewer films.
If I had more free time, I’d (would) read a lot of books.
I’d (would) go out with my friends If I had more free time.
These activities are not possible at the moment because Sam
doesn’t have enough free time. He is just imagining the things
he would do if circumstances were different.
Summary:
When is conditional type 2 used?
When we imagine the consequences of present or future activities
and situations which are not very probable or which do not even exist.
1.To talk about the present when the event in the if-clause is not
true because of the circumstances(impossible present situations):
I could go on a world tour if I was / were rich. ( Now / in fact /
in reality I'm not rich.)
Going on a world tour is merely a dream.
2. To talk about the future when the event in the if-clause is
unlikely to happen due to circumstances (imagined events in the
future, which are impossible, unreal or unlikely):
I’d buy a limousine if I got that job. (I don't think / it’s unlikely
that I will get the job.)
Buying a limousine will be impossible because I won’t get that job.
If I went by train now, I would get there earlier. (present)
If they flew tomorrow, they would be able to see the festival. (future)
If I had more money, I would lend you some. (present)
To conclude, the second conditional / present conditional describes
imaginary or unlikely situations.
Which tenses do we need?
1. If + simple past + I would (do)
I would (do) + if + simple past
If he were rich he would buy a big house.
He would buy a big house if he were rich. (But he isn’t rich, so
he can’t buy a big house.)
If she were a doctor, she would help sick people.
She would help sick people if she were a doctor.
If they lived in the city, they would go to the cinema more often
If we went to live in England, we’d (would) learn English very quickly.
If I were you, I would go to bed earlier.
2. If + simple past + I could / might (do)
I could / might (do) + if + simple past
If you tried again, you would succeed.
If you tried again, you might succeed.
You might succeed if you tried again.
If you tried again, you could succeed.
You could succeed if you tried again.
If he applied for the post, he would get it.
If she studied a bit harder, she could succeed.
If you asked him, he might help you.
Friday 3 July 2009
CONDITIONALS : TYPE 1 , TYPE 2 AND TYPE 3
CONDITIONALS : TYPE 1 , TYPE 2 AND TYPE 3
Students sometimes have difficulty with conditional sentences, either because they cannot find the appropriate type of condition to suit the situation, or because they make mistakes with the sequence of tenses. Here, I’ll only be dealing with the three basic types of condition, commonly referred to as Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3.
CONDITIONAL TYPE 1
Often, when we are making plans for the future, we have to consider various circumstances before we can make a definite decision. For example, we would like to go for a picnic next Sunday but, as it is only March, we cannot be sure of the weather. It is possible that it will be too cold or will rain, so when we talk about our plans we usually say:
If the weather is fine,
If it is warm enough,
=====>I (shall/will) go for a picnic next Sunday, if it doesn’t rain. / …..unless it rains.
My programme for next Sunday will depend on the weather, but a picnic is possible.
Summary:
When is conditional type 1 used?
Conditional type 1 is used when we speak about present and future activities and situations which are really possible.
Which tenses do we need?
If + simple present + simple future
Simple future + if + simple present
Simple future = (shall / shan’t – will / won’t + bare infinitive)
Simple present = (do / (don’t + bare infinitive) does / (doesn’t + bare infinitive))
Examples:
If he is better, he will come to school tomorrow.
He’ll come to school tomorrow if he’s better.
===>His coming to school tomorrow is very possible but it all depends on his health condition.
If it rains, we shan’t / won't (shall not / will not) be able to go swimming.
We shan’t / won’t be able to go swimming if it rains.
If you don't come early, he will go alone.
If she refuses him, he will commit suicide.
If I pass my driving test next week, I shall / will buy a little car.
Sometimes there may be variations in the tenses of both the “if clause” and the “main clause”.
1. If + simple present + will be doing/will have done/will have been doing
Examples:
If they promote me, I will be working as a manager next week.
If you don't hurry up, the plane will have left.
If he stays till June, he will have been playing for this team for eight months.
2. If + simple present + may / might for possibility
Examples:
If it snows until the next day, the road may / might be blocked.
If the council doesn't take any action now, there may / might be a great unrest.
3. If + simple present + may / can for permission
Examples:
If you finish your homework within an hour, you may / can watch television.
If it stops raining, you may / can go out to play with Freddie.
4. If + simple present + must / should for advice (or light obligation)
If he wants to lose weight, he should / must eat less bread.
If you get wet, you should / must change your clothes immediately.
5. If + present continuous + simple future / had better
Examples:
If he is standing in the rain, he will catch cold.
If you are studying, I had better go to the other room.
Students sometimes have difficulty with conditional sentences, either because they cannot find the appropriate type of condition to suit the situation, or because they make mistakes with the sequence of tenses. Here, I’ll only be dealing with the three basic types of condition, commonly referred to as Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3.
CONDITIONAL TYPE 1
Often, when we are making plans for the future, we have to consider various circumstances before we can make a definite decision. For example, we would like to go for a picnic next Sunday but, as it is only March, we cannot be sure of the weather. It is possible that it will be too cold or will rain, so when we talk about our plans we usually say:
If the weather is fine,
If it is warm enough,
=====>I (shall/will) go for a picnic next Sunday, if it doesn’t rain. / …..unless it rains.
My programme for next Sunday will depend on the weather, but a picnic is possible.
Summary:
When is conditional type 1 used?
Conditional type 1 is used when we speak about present and future activities and situations which are really possible.
Which tenses do we need?
If + simple present + simple future
Simple future + if + simple present
Simple future = (shall / shan’t – will / won’t + bare infinitive)
Simple present = (do / (don’t + bare infinitive) does / (doesn’t + bare infinitive))
Examples:
If he is better, he will come to school tomorrow.
He’ll come to school tomorrow if he’s better.
===>His coming to school tomorrow is very possible but it all depends on his health condition.
If it rains, we shan’t / won't (shall not / will not) be able to go swimming.
We shan’t / won’t be able to go swimming if it rains.
If you don't come early, he will go alone.
If she refuses him, he will commit suicide.
If I pass my driving test next week, I shall / will buy a little car.
Sometimes there may be variations in the tenses of both the “if clause” and the “main clause”.
1. If + simple present + will be doing/will have done/will have been doing
Examples:
If they promote me, I will be working as a manager next week.
If you don't hurry up, the plane will have left.
If he stays till June, he will have been playing for this team for eight months.
2. If + simple present + may / might for possibility
Examples:
If it snows until the next day, the road may / might be blocked.
If the council doesn't take any action now, there may / might be a great unrest.
3. If + simple present + may / can for permission
Examples:
If you finish your homework within an hour, you may / can watch television.
If it stops raining, you may / can go out to play with Freddie.
4. If + simple present + must / should for advice (or light obligation)
If he wants to lose weight, he should / must eat less bread.
If you get wet, you should / must change your clothes immediately.
5. If + present continuous + simple future / had better
Examples:
If he is standing in the rain, he will catch cold.
If you are studying, I had better go to the other room.
CONDITIONAL : ZERO CONDITIONAL
CONDITIONAL
I- ZERO CONDITIONAL
If + simple present + simple Present:
The zero conditional is used when describing situations which have automatic or
habitual results : (scientific facts general or personal truths. The probability of
the result is 100%.)
EXAMPLES:
If the weather isn't good, I don't like to go out.
If the weather isn’t nice, we usually stay indoors.
If he gets thirsty, he satisfies his thirst drinking cola.
If you heat ice, it melts.
If you heat ice, it turns into water.
If there is a shortage of any product, its prices go up.
If she drinks black coffee in the evening, she loses sleep.
If she drinks black coffee in the evening, she can’t sleep at night.
My parents get angry if I come home late.
As you can see, both the “main clause” and the “if clause” are in the Simple
Present.
The zero conditional is sometimes used to give instructions:
Press the button if you want a receipt.
If you want to leave a message, speak after the tone
If = when:
If / when you boil water, it turns into steam.
If / when you heat ice, it turns into water.
I- ZERO CONDITIONAL
If + simple present + simple Present:
The zero conditional is used when describing situations which have automatic or
habitual results : (scientific facts general or personal truths. The probability of
the result is 100%.)
EXAMPLES:
If the weather isn't good, I don't like to go out.
If the weather isn’t nice, we usually stay indoors.
If he gets thirsty, he satisfies his thirst drinking cola.
If you heat ice, it melts.
If you heat ice, it turns into water.
If there is a shortage of any product, its prices go up.
If she drinks black coffee in the evening, she loses sleep.
If she drinks black coffee in the evening, she can’t sleep at night.
My parents get angry if I come home late.
As you can see, both the “main clause” and the “if clause” are in the Simple
Present.
The zero conditional is sometimes used to give instructions:
Press the button if you want a receipt.
If you want to leave a message, speak after the tone
If = when:
If / when you boil water, it turns into steam.
If / when you heat ice, it turns into water.
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM LM HSC JULY 2009 WITH CORRECTION
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM LM HSC JULY 2009 WITH CORRECTION
Nadia was born in France and now lives in Douar Inchaden, her family's home village, in a valley in the Atlas Mountains. After studying Business Administration in Nantes (north-east of France), Nadia spent six years working in the sales department of a semiconductor factory and for an Internet provider in France.
In 2006, she returned to Morocco to set up her own business in Inchaden, 40 km south of Agadir. Today, she buys prickly pears from a dozen farmers' families in the area. After collecting these pears, ten female workers gather the flowers and manually extract oil from the seeds. While previously only the fruit was sold on local markets, today Nadia also successfully exports the flowers and the oil of the prickly pears to Europe. Since last year, the company has become financially independent. Its annual profit is increasing constantly. This year, Nadia already hopes to offer permanent employment to her workers.
Some of the women in her village have managed to gain a seat on the village council, previously a purely male domain. Several of the village women are divorced; others, even though they are married, have to support their whole family. They work 13 hours a day in the fields, with only one day off every fortnight. In the village council, they enforced school lessons for children from the age of six and a regular waste collection service.
Nadia is also a member of the village council and she advises a small cooperative of women who produce goats' cheese. She helps them advertise and sell their products. She also advises them on production hygiene in cooperation with professors from the university in Agadir. As a lecturer at the Faculty of Agriculture, she intends to popularise a the large-scale production of Argan oil.
The cultivation and processing of prickly pears is traditionally a women's domain. This native plant has adapted to the natural water shortage in the region. The oil and extracts of the prickly pears and the Argan trees are sold to European and international companies. The extracts are used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry and exported abroad. This helps women enter new sales markets and earn more money.
*Prickly pears:الهندية / كرموس النصارى / صبير / تين شوكي
I. COMPREHENSION (15 POINTS)
A. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD BE THE BEST TITLE FOR THE PASSAGE? (1 pt)
CIRCLE THE APPROPRIATE NUMBER
1. A successful university student.
2. A successful businesswoman.
3. A successful parliament member.
B. ARE THESE SENTENCES TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY ( 3 pts)
1. Nadia studied business in Morocco.
2. Nadia's business depends on financial help from the government now.
3. In Inchaden, some women are members of the village council.
C. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. ( 3 pts )
1. Where did Nadia work before she returned to Morocco?
2. How far is Inchaden from Agadir?
3. What does Nadia export to Europe?
D. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES ( 3 pts )
1. Nadia helps women in the cooperative to……
2. The village council provides lessons …….
3. European and international companies use the extracts of the prickly pears in……
E. FIND IN THE TEXT WORDS OR EXPRESSIONS THAT MEAN THE SAME AS: (2 pts)
1. Start ( parag. 2)
2. Free day ( parag. 3 )
3. Very big ( parag. 4)
4. Gain ( parag. 5 )
F. WHAT DO THE UNDERLINED WORDS OR EXPRESSIONS IN THE TEXT REFER TO ?(3 pts)
(THE WORDS IN ITALICS)
1. Its:
2. Them:
3. This native plant:
II. LANGUAGE (15 POINTS)
A.GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS BETWEEN BRACKETS. (3 pts)
The United Nations is an international (organise)…….. which aims at the (establish)…… of a (peace)…….. world.
B. FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRECT PHRASAL VERB. (3 pts)
( fill in - look after - break down - take up - get on - look up )
1. Saida and her eldest sister often……. their small brother when their mother is out.
2. The student didn't……. his application form correctly. So, it was rejected.
3. This car is too old. It's likely to…… at any time.
C. REWRITE THESE SENTENCES AS INDICATED. (3 pts)
1. The local authorities build a new school every five years.
A new school………
2. "Why don't we go out for a walk?" my friend asked.
My friend suggested……
3. It's a pity Ibrahim does not revise his lessons regularly.
The teacher wishes ……
D.PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE. (3 pts)
1. While I (watch)…… a film the other day, I (hear)…….. my neighbour quarrelling with a stranger.
2. By the year 2020, the government (solve)……. the problem of unemployment.
E. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (3 pts)
1. The government has launched a project. The government wants to reduce illiteracy rates. (in order to)
1……..
2. Aziza did a nice project. The teacher rewarded her. (because)
2………
3. Many African countries have natural resources. They still suffer from poverty, (however)
3…………
III. WRITING (10 POINTS)
Civic associations play an important role in society. Write a short article to your school magazine about the role of these associations and the benefits young people can get from participating in their activities.
(approximately 250 words)
The following suggestions may help you:
Role of associations
* give /offer literacy classes
* help the poor/ the handicapped, etc.
* protect the environment
* defend human rights.
Benefits for young people
* be good citizens
* develop personality (self-confidence - autonomy)
* gain values and new experience
* serve the community.
KEY / CORRECTING SCALE
I. COMPREHENSION (15 POINTS)
(While scoring comprehension, testees should not be penalized for any spelling or grammatical mistakes.)
A. Multiple Choice : (1 pt):
2.A successful business woman
B. True or false with justification (3 pts: lpt for each correct and justified answer)
1. False (In Nantes / in north-east of France /in France)
2. False (the company has become financially independent)
3. True (some of the women have managed to gain a seat on the village council)
C. WH questions (3pts; 1 pt for each appropriate answer)
1. In France/ in the sales department of a semiconductor factory and for an Internet provider.
2. forty/40 km (away from south of Agadir/ from Agadir)
3. fruit, flowers and oil of prickly pears.
D. Sentence completion (3pts: 1 pt for each appropriate completion)
1 advertise and sell their products/She also advises them on ....
2 for children (from the age of six.)
3 the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.
E. Word meaning (2 pts: 0.5 pt for each correct answer)
1: set up
2: day off
3: large-scale
4. earn
F. Pronoun reference (3 pts: 1 pt for each correct answer)
1. Its: the company
2. Them: women/cooperative of women
3. Prickly pears
II. LANGUAGE (15 POINTS)
A. Word Form : (3pts: 1 pt each correct answer)
organisation/ organization - establishment - peaceful
B. Gap Filling : (3 pts : 1 pt for each correct answer)
1. look after
2. fill in
3. break down
C. Sentence Rewriting : (3 pts : 1 pt for each correct answer)
1. A new school is built every five years (by the local authorities).
2. My friend suggested going out/ that we should go out for a walk/that we go out...
3. The teacher wishes Ibrahim revised his lessons regularly.
D. Verb Tense (3 points, 1 pt each)
1. was watching - heard
2. will have solved
E. Sentence Joining (3pts: 1 pt each correct answer)
1. The government has launched a project in order to reduce illiteracy rates.
OR
In order to reduce illiteracy rates, the government has launched a project...
2. The teacher rewarded Aziza because she did a nice project.
OR
The teacher rewarded Aziza because of her nice project.
3. Many African countries have natural resources; however, they still suffer from poverty, (only 0.5 pt if not appropriately punctuated)
Nadia was born in France and now lives in Douar Inchaden, her family's home village, in a valley in the Atlas Mountains. After studying Business Administration in Nantes (north-east of France), Nadia spent six years working in the sales department of a semiconductor factory and for an Internet provider in France.
In 2006, she returned to Morocco to set up her own business in Inchaden, 40 km south of Agadir. Today, she buys prickly pears from a dozen farmers' families in the area. After collecting these pears, ten female workers gather the flowers and manually extract oil from the seeds. While previously only the fruit was sold on local markets, today Nadia also successfully exports the flowers and the oil of the prickly pears to Europe. Since last year, the company has become financially independent. Its annual profit is increasing constantly. This year, Nadia already hopes to offer permanent employment to her workers.
Some of the women in her village have managed to gain a seat on the village council, previously a purely male domain. Several of the village women are divorced; others, even though they are married, have to support their whole family. They work 13 hours a day in the fields, with only one day off every fortnight. In the village council, they enforced school lessons for children from the age of six and a regular waste collection service.
Nadia is also a member of the village council and she advises a small cooperative of women who produce goats' cheese. She helps them advertise and sell their products. She also advises them on production hygiene in cooperation with professors from the university in Agadir. As a lecturer at the Faculty of Agriculture, she intends to popularise a the large-scale production of Argan oil.
The cultivation and processing of prickly pears is traditionally a women's domain. This native plant has adapted to the natural water shortage in the region. The oil and extracts of the prickly pears and the Argan trees are sold to European and international companies. The extracts are used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry and exported abroad. This helps women enter new sales markets and earn more money.
*Prickly pears:الهندية / كرموس النصارى / صبير / تين شوكي
I. COMPREHENSION (15 POINTS)
A. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD BE THE BEST TITLE FOR THE PASSAGE? (1 pt)
CIRCLE THE APPROPRIATE NUMBER
1. A successful university student.
2. A successful businesswoman.
3. A successful parliament member.
B. ARE THESE SENTENCES TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY ( 3 pts)
1. Nadia studied business in Morocco.
2. Nadia's business depends on financial help from the government now.
3. In Inchaden, some women are members of the village council.
C. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. ( 3 pts )
1. Where did Nadia work before she returned to Morocco?
2. How far is Inchaden from Agadir?
3. What does Nadia export to Europe?
D. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES ( 3 pts )
1. Nadia helps women in the cooperative to……
2. The village council provides lessons …….
3. European and international companies use the extracts of the prickly pears in……
E. FIND IN THE TEXT WORDS OR EXPRESSIONS THAT MEAN THE SAME AS: (2 pts)
1. Start ( parag. 2)
2. Free day ( parag. 3 )
3. Very big ( parag. 4)
4. Gain ( parag. 5 )
F. WHAT DO THE UNDERLINED WORDS OR EXPRESSIONS IN THE TEXT REFER TO ?(3 pts)
(THE WORDS IN ITALICS)
1. Its:
2. Them:
3. This native plant:
II. LANGUAGE (15 POINTS)
A.GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS BETWEEN BRACKETS. (3 pts)
The United Nations is an international (organise)…….. which aims at the (establish)…… of a (peace)…….. world.
B. FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRECT PHRASAL VERB. (3 pts)
( fill in - look after - break down - take up - get on - look up )
1. Saida and her eldest sister often……. their small brother when their mother is out.
2. The student didn't……. his application form correctly. So, it was rejected.
3. This car is too old. It's likely to…… at any time.
C. REWRITE THESE SENTENCES AS INDICATED. (3 pts)
1. The local authorities build a new school every five years.
A new school………
2. "Why don't we go out for a walk?" my friend asked.
My friend suggested……
3. It's a pity Ibrahim does not revise his lessons regularly.
The teacher wishes ……
D.PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE. (3 pts)
1. While I (watch)…… a film the other day, I (hear)…….. my neighbour quarrelling with a stranger.
2. By the year 2020, the government (solve)……. the problem of unemployment.
E. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (3 pts)
1. The government has launched a project. The government wants to reduce illiteracy rates. (in order to)
1……..
2. Aziza did a nice project. The teacher rewarded her. (because)
2………
3. Many African countries have natural resources. They still suffer from poverty, (however)
3…………
III. WRITING (10 POINTS)
Civic associations play an important role in society. Write a short article to your school magazine about the role of these associations and the benefits young people can get from participating in their activities.
(approximately 250 words)
The following suggestions may help you:
Role of associations
* give /offer literacy classes
* help the poor/ the handicapped, etc.
* protect the environment
* defend human rights.
Benefits for young people
* be good citizens
* develop personality (self-confidence - autonomy)
* gain values and new experience
* serve the community.
KEY / CORRECTING SCALE
I. COMPREHENSION (15 POINTS)
(While scoring comprehension, testees should not be penalized for any spelling or grammatical mistakes.)
A. Multiple Choice : (1 pt):
2.A successful business woman
B. True or false with justification (3 pts: lpt for each correct and justified answer)
1. False (In Nantes / in north-east of France /in France)
2. False (the company has become financially independent)
3. True (some of the women have managed to gain a seat on the village council)
C. WH questions (3pts; 1 pt for each appropriate answer)
1. In France/ in the sales department of a semiconductor factory and for an Internet provider.
2. forty/40 km (away from south of Agadir/ from Agadir)
3. fruit, flowers and oil of prickly pears.
D. Sentence completion (3pts: 1 pt for each appropriate completion)
1 advertise and sell their products/She also advises them on ....
2 for children (from the age of six.)
3 the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.
E. Word meaning (2 pts: 0.5 pt for each correct answer)
1: set up
2: day off
3: large-scale
4. earn
F. Pronoun reference (3 pts: 1 pt for each correct answer)
1. Its: the company
2. Them: women/cooperative of women
3. Prickly pears
II. LANGUAGE (15 POINTS)
A. Word Form : (3pts: 1 pt each correct answer)
organisation/ organization - establishment - peaceful
B. Gap Filling : (3 pts : 1 pt for each correct answer)
1. look after
2. fill in
3. break down
C. Sentence Rewriting : (3 pts : 1 pt for each correct answer)
1. A new school is built every five years (by the local authorities).
2. My friend suggested going out/ that we should go out for a walk/that we go out...
3. The teacher wishes Ibrahim revised his lessons regularly.
D. Verb Tense (3 points, 1 pt each)
1. was watching - heard
2. will have solved
E. Sentence Joining (3pts: 1 pt each correct answer)
1. The government has launched a project in order to reduce illiteracy rates.
OR
In order to reduce illiteracy rates, the government has launched a project...
2. The teacher rewarded Aziza because she did a nice project.
OR
The teacher rewarded Aziza because of her nice project.
3. Many African countries have natural resources; however, they still suffer from poverty, (only 0.5 pt if not appropriately punctuated)
Thursday 2 July 2009
BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES : CONNECTORS LINKING WORDS CORRECTION
BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES : CONNECTORS LINKING WORDS
CORRECTION
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
ANSWERS:
1- D 2- C 3- E 4- C 5- A 6- B 7- E 8- B 9- C 10-C 11-E 12-C 13-E 14-E 15-E
16-C 17-D 18-C 19-C 20-D 21-C 22-A 23-A 24-D 25-E 26-B 27-B 28-C 29-E 30-A
CORRECTION
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
ANSWERS:
1- D 2- C 3- E 4- C 5- A 6- B 7- E 8- B 9- C 10-C 11-E 12-C 13-E 14-E 15-E
16-C 17-D 18-C 19-C 20-D 21-C 22-A 23-A 24-D 25-E 26-B 27-B 28-C 29-E 30-A
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM SC JULY 2009 WITH CORRECTION
BACCALAUREATE ENGLISH EXAM SC JULY 2009 WITH CORRECTION
Educating girls offers many benefits to current and future generations. Yet, in many developing countries, girls' illiteracy still remains a serious issue because it is often considered an obstacle to social and economic development. Over 120 million children of primary school age are not at school. The majority are girls, and Geetha is one of them.
Geetha can barely read and write. The pretty eleven-year-old girl is the youngest child in a poor family living in rural India. She was pulled out of school two years ago. Her father thought her time would be better spent looking after the family's goats and doing the housework.
Geetha's former teacher tried to convince Geetha's father and the village elders to send girls like Geetha back to school, but in vain. "This is the way it has always been, and it will not change," her father argued. "I didn't study myself. We are simple people." Government incentives in the form of books, scholarships, uniforms and even meals made no difference. A lifelong struggle to survive marked by poverty and ignorance has solidified their views.
The boys in the village attend school every day. They pass by Geetha who walks the narrow country road alongside her goats. "The boys tease me," she says, her big eyes full of sadness. She wished she could go with them. "When I was younger, I thought I'd study well and get a job. I really wanted to be a teacher. Now I just follow the goats."
Geetha has little hope for her own future. Like her mother and her grandmother, she will spend her life working in the fields and around the house. She has seen the value of education, and has a different dream for her own children. "I will let my children study," she vows. Perhaps it is also not too late even for her. Many girls in India start school at a later age. With support from programmes organised by the Indian government and international institutions, she may yet one day join the boys on their daily walk to school.
I. COMPREHENSION (15 POINTS)
BASE ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE TEXT.
A. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD BE THE BEST TITLE FOR THE PASSAGE? (2 pts).
TICK (V) THE APPROPRIATE BOX.
1. Poverty in Geetha's village
2. The story of Geetha's father
3. The problem of Geetha's education
The best title for the passage : ( 3. The problem of Geetha’s education.)
B. ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY. ( 3 pts)
1.Geetha has never attended school.
It’s false.
Justification: “Geetha was pulled out of school two years ago.”
OR “ Geetha’s former teacher….”
2. Geetha's father thinks that sending her to school is not beneficial to the family.
It’s true.
Justification: “Her father thought her time would be better spent looking after the family’s goats and doing the the housework.”
3. Geetha's father was illiterate.
It’s true.
Justification: “I didn’t study myself.”
C. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. (3 pts)
1. Why is girls' illiteracy still a problem in developing countries?
Girls’ illiteracy is still a problem in developing countries because it is an obstacle to social and economic development.
2. What does the government offer to encourage girls to attend school?
So as to encourage girls to attend school, the Indian government offers books, scholarships, uniforms and even meals to poor families.
3. How does Geetha feel when boys walk past her on their way to school?
When boys on their way to school walk past Geetha, she feels very sad.
D. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES. ( 2 pts)
1. Geetha's previous teacher didn't succeed in ……
"…convincing Geetha’s father and the village elders to send girls to school."
2. Geetha's dream is…..
"…...to let her children study. / to educateher children."
E. FIND IN THE TEXT WORDS THAT MEAN ALMOST THE SAME AS: (3 pts )
1. Beautiful (parag2) :
“Pretty."
2. Make run of (parag4):
“Tease.”
3. Help (parag5):
“Support.”
F. WHAT DO THE UNDERLINED WORDS IN THE TEXT REFER TO?
( words in italics in the text)(2 pts)
1. It :
“Girls’ illiteracy.”
2. Them :
"The boys in the village."
II. LANGUAGE (15 POINTS)
A. GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS BETWEEN BRACKETS. ( 3 pts)
Some NGOs make a lot of efforts to (improvement)…….. women's position in society. They provide some of them with (finance)…… assistance and help others to attend (literate)…….. classes.
Improvement : “improve.”
Finance: “financial.”
Literate : “literacy.”
B. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AS SUGGESTED. (3 pts)
1. Visitors should not use cameras in the national museum.
Cameras……………….
“Cameras should not be used by visitors in the national museum.”
2. " I will join the university in September," Soumia said.
Soumia told her friend…………
“Soumia told her friend (that) she would join the university in September.”
3. Brahim didn't attend last year's free computer classes.
He wishes……………
“He wishes he had attended the previous year’s free computer classes.”
C. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE APPROPRIATE PHRASAL VERBS. ( 3 pts)
give up - find out - get up - let down - break down - go through
1. "You shouldn't…….. your old friends," he told me.
“Let down.”
2. John has decided to……. football at the end of the season.
“Give up.”
3. "I've never imagined to…….. such a difficult time," Mary said.
“Go through.”
D. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE APPROPRIATE WORDS FROM THE LIST. (3 pts)
so as to - despite - although - therefore - thanks to - because
1. ………………. his parents' care and encouragement, Soufien has received a good education.
“Thanks to.”
2. Sue worked hard …………….get a good mark in the final exam.
“So as to.”
3. …………..the geography test was easy, many students didn’t get a good mark.
“Although.”
E. PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE. (3 pts)
When he (finish)……… his studies in Europe, Kamal returned to Morocco. Now, he (work)……… as a teacher at a university. He (just/publish)……….. a book on study skills.
“Had finished./ finished.”
“Is working./ works.”
“Has just published.”
III. WRITING (10 POINTS)
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) play an important role in the development of local communities. Write a short article to your school magazine about a project that has been realised by a local NGO in your village/town/city. (Approximately 150 words) These questions and cues may help you:
- What kind of project is it? (environmental / social / educational...)
- What has the project achieved? (provide free classes/ create professional centres for youths or for the handicapped /keep your area clean/plant trees/build a school, hospital,...)
- Who contributed to the realisation of this project? (local people/students/women/others ...)
Educating girls offers many benefits to current and future generations. Yet, in many developing countries, girls' illiteracy still remains a serious issue because it is often considered an obstacle to social and economic development. Over 120 million children of primary school age are not at school. The majority are girls, and Geetha is one of them.
Geetha can barely read and write. The pretty eleven-year-old girl is the youngest child in a poor family living in rural India. She was pulled out of school two years ago. Her father thought her time would be better spent looking after the family's goats and doing the housework.
Geetha's former teacher tried to convince Geetha's father and the village elders to send girls like Geetha back to school, but in vain. "This is the way it has always been, and it will not change," her father argued. "I didn't study myself. We are simple people." Government incentives in the form of books, scholarships, uniforms and even meals made no difference. A lifelong struggle to survive marked by poverty and ignorance has solidified their views.
The boys in the village attend school every day. They pass by Geetha who walks the narrow country road alongside her goats. "The boys tease me," she says, her big eyes full of sadness. She wished she could go with them. "When I was younger, I thought I'd study well and get a job. I really wanted to be a teacher. Now I just follow the goats."
Geetha has little hope for her own future. Like her mother and her grandmother, she will spend her life working in the fields and around the house. She has seen the value of education, and has a different dream for her own children. "I will let my children study," she vows. Perhaps it is also not too late even for her. Many girls in India start school at a later age. With support from programmes organised by the Indian government and international institutions, she may yet one day join the boys on their daily walk to school.
I. COMPREHENSION (15 POINTS)
BASE ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE TEXT.
A. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD BE THE BEST TITLE FOR THE PASSAGE? (2 pts).
TICK (V) THE APPROPRIATE BOX.
1. Poverty in Geetha's village
2. The story of Geetha's father
3. The problem of Geetha's education
The best title for the passage : ( 3. The problem of Geetha’s education.)
B. ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY. ( 3 pts)
1.Geetha has never attended school.
It’s false.
Justification: “Geetha was pulled out of school two years ago.”
OR “ Geetha’s former teacher….”
2. Geetha's father thinks that sending her to school is not beneficial to the family.
It’s true.
Justification: “Her father thought her time would be better spent looking after the family’s goats and doing the the housework.”
3. Geetha's father was illiterate.
It’s true.
Justification: “I didn’t study myself.”
C. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. (3 pts)
1. Why is girls' illiteracy still a problem in developing countries?
Girls’ illiteracy is still a problem in developing countries because it is an obstacle to social and economic development.
2. What does the government offer to encourage girls to attend school?
So as to encourage girls to attend school, the Indian government offers books, scholarships, uniforms and even meals to poor families.
3. How does Geetha feel when boys walk past her on their way to school?
When boys on their way to school walk past Geetha, she feels very sad.
D. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES. ( 2 pts)
1. Geetha's previous teacher didn't succeed in ……
"…convincing Geetha’s father and the village elders to send girls to school."
2. Geetha's dream is…..
"…...to let her children study. / to educateher children."
E. FIND IN THE TEXT WORDS THAT MEAN ALMOST THE SAME AS: (3 pts )
1. Beautiful (parag2) :
“Pretty."
2. Make run of (parag4):
“Tease.”
3. Help (parag5):
“Support.”
F. WHAT DO THE UNDERLINED WORDS IN THE TEXT REFER TO?
( words in italics in the text)(2 pts)
1. It :
“Girls’ illiteracy.”
2. Them :
"The boys in the village."
II. LANGUAGE (15 POINTS)
A. GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS BETWEEN BRACKETS. ( 3 pts)
Some NGOs make a lot of efforts to (improvement)…….. women's position in society. They provide some of them with (finance)…… assistance and help others to attend (literate)…….. classes.
Improvement : “improve.”
Finance: “financial.”
Literate : “literacy.”
B. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AS SUGGESTED. (3 pts)
1. Visitors should not use cameras in the national museum.
Cameras……………….
“Cameras should not be used by visitors in the national museum.”
2. " I will join the university in September," Soumia said.
Soumia told her friend…………
“Soumia told her friend (that) she would join the university in September.”
3. Brahim didn't attend last year's free computer classes.
He wishes……………
“He wishes he had attended the previous year’s free computer classes.”
C. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE APPROPRIATE PHRASAL VERBS. ( 3 pts)
give up - find out - get up - let down - break down - go through
1. "You shouldn't…….. your old friends," he told me.
“Let down.”
2. John has decided to……. football at the end of the season.
“Give up.”
3. "I've never imagined to…….. such a difficult time," Mary said.
“Go through.”
D. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE APPROPRIATE WORDS FROM THE LIST. (3 pts)
so as to - despite - although - therefore - thanks to - because
1. ………………. his parents' care and encouragement, Soufien has received a good education.
“Thanks to.”
2. Sue worked hard …………….get a good mark in the final exam.
“So as to.”
3. …………..the geography test was easy, many students didn’t get a good mark.
“Although.”
E. PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE. (3 pts)
When he (finish)……… his studies in Europe, Kamal returned to Morocco. Now, he (work)……… as a teacher at a university. He (just/publish)……….. a book on study skills.
“Had finished./ finished.”
“Is working./ works.”
“Has just published.”
III. WRITING (10 POINTS)
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) play an important role in the development of local communities. Write a short article to your school magazine about a project that has been realised by a local NGO in your village/town/city. (Approximately 150 words) These questions and cues may help you:
- What kind of project is it? (environmental / social / educational...)
- What has the project achieved? (provide free classes/ create professional centres for youths or for the handicapped /keep your area clean/plant trees/build a school, hospital,...)
- Who contributed to the realisation of this project? (local people/students/women/others ...)
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